Spatial Patterns and Persistence of Woody Plant Species in Ecological Communities

Chave,

doi:10.2307/3079088

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The extensive data sets on species-area curves and relative-abundance distributions for many natural communities make this an appealing proposition. Yet relatively little work has been done on what patterns are expected under different mechanisms (Chave 2001). Thus, there is a need for theoretical work that clarifies which patterns are expected from which mechanisms and, thus, whether one can distinguish among mechanisms by looking at patterns.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparing Classical Community Models: Theoretical Consequences for Patterns of Diversity

Chave

Muller‐Landau

Levin

2002

The American Naturalist

233

360

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Mechanisms proposed to explain the maintenance of species diversity within ecological communities of sessile organisms include niche differentiation mediated by competitive trade-offs, frequency dependence resulting from species-specific pests, recruitment limitation due to local dispersal, and a speciationextinction dynamic equilibrium mediated by stochasticity (drift). While each of these processes, and more, have been shown to act in particular communities, much remains to be learned about their relative importance in shaping community-level patterns. We used a spatially-explicit, individual-based model to assess the effects of each of these processes on species richness, relative abundance, and spatial patterns such as the species-area curve. Our model communities had an order-of-magnitude more individuals than any previous such study, and we also developed a finite-size scaling analysis to infer the large-scale properties of these systems in order to establish the generality of our conclusions across system sizes. As expected, each mechanism can promote diversity. We found some qualitative differences in community patterns across communities in which different combinations of these mechanisms operate. Species-area curves follow a power law with short-range dispersal and a logarithmic law with global dispersal. Relativeabundance distributions are more even for systems with competitive differences and trade-offs than for those in which all species are competitively equivalent, and they are most even when frequency dependence (even if weak) is present. Overall, however, communities in which different processes operated showed surprisingly similar patterns, which suggests that the form of community-level patterns cannot in general be used to distinguish among mechanisms maintaining diversity there. Nevertheless, parameterization of models such as these from field data on the * Corresponding author. Present address: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Terrestre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5552, 13 avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31029 Toulouse cedex 4, France; e-mail: chave@cict.fr. † E-mail: helene@eno.princeton.edu. ‡ E-mail: slevin@eno.princeton.edu. strengths of the different mechanisms could yield insight into their relative roles in diversity maintenance in any given community.

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Comparing Classical Community Models: Theoretical Consequences for Patterns of Diversity

Chave

Muller‐Landau

Levin

2002

The American Naturalist

233

360

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“…Nesses ambientes, Shropshire et al (2001), consideram a ocorrência de mudanças estruturais e funcionais vinculadas à atenuação de luz pela sucessão. Tais mudanças resultam em diferenças na fitossociologia dos diferentes estágios sucessionais considerados e na composição de modelos espaciais com a permanência ou eliminação de plantas lenhosas em diferentes comunidades ecológicas (Cavalcante et al, 2000;Chave, 2001). Para a compreensão desses modelos, torna-se necessário o estudo das características ecofisiológicas das espécies (Lassoie et al 1983), ou a determinação dessas características para os diferentes estratos componentes da vegetação (Perez e Moraes, 1991).…”

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Crescimento de mudas de <i>Jacaranda puberula</i> Cham. em viveiro submetidas a diferentes níveis de luminosidade.

Almeida

Maia²,

Ortega³

et al. 2005

Ciênc. Florest.

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RESUMOJacaranda puberula, conhecida como caroba, é uma espécie que apresenta potencial de uso para recomposição de áreas degradadas, por possuir rápido crescimento, agressividade e adaptar-se bem a solos arenosos e argilosos, ocorrendo em capoeiras e capoeirões. Com o intuito de se obter informações sobre espécies potenciais para uso em restauração de ambiente ripário foi estudado, no viveiro da prefeitura do município de Colombo, o desenvolvimento de mudas de Jacaranda puberula submetidas a 0, 30, 50 e 70% de sombreamento. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: altura (60, 90 e 120 dias) e diâmetro de coleto (90 e 120 dias) de 21 mudas e, área foliar e peso seco da raiz e parte aérea de seis mudas por tratamento, no final do experimento (120 dias após a repicagem). Mudas expostas a pleno sol apresentaram alto índice de mortalidade, portanto esse tratamento não foi discutido e comparado aos demais. O tratamento com 30% de sombreamento mostrou-se superior aos demais em todas as variáveis, sendo recomendado para a produção de mudas de Jacaranda puberula nas condições testadas. Já as menores médias das variáveis analisadas foram obtidas aos 120 dias para o sombreamento de 70%, indicando que esse tratamento não é recomendável para a produção de mudas dessa espécie em viveiro. A melhor condição para a introdução dessa espécie em uma área a ser recuperada é em clareiras (30 a 50% de sombreamento), uma vez que, na naturezas, também pode ser observado que a sua ocorrência em geral não é a pleno sol.Palavras-chave: sombreamento; produção de mudas; floresta ripária. ABSTRACTJacaranda puberula, known as caroba, is a species that presents potential use for the recovery of degraded areas, since it possesses fast growth and adapts well to sandy and loamy soils. It presents great aggressiveness in secondary forests and it can be used as urban tree because it produces beautiful lilac flowers. With the intention of obtaining information about potential species for use in recovery of riparian forest, were tested in the nursery of the city hall of the municipal district of Colombo, the development of seedlings of Jacaranda puberula submitted at 30, 50 and 70% of shading. There were used 40 seedlings by treatment and there were evaluated the following parameters: height (60, 90 and 120 days) and diameter (90 and 120 days) of all seedlings, leaf area and root and shoot dry weight of 6 seedlings per treatment. The largest averages of the analyzed variables were obtained for the 30% shading, except for root dry weight. The seedlings exposed to full sun presented high mortality rate and was not compared to the others. The smallest averages of the analyzed variables, except for height, were observed for the shading of 70%, indicating that this treatment is not advisable for the production of seedlings of this species in nursery. The best condition for planting the seedlings appears to be in open areas with shading of 30 to 50%, since its natural occurrence is not at full exposure.

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“…We used the well-tested mixed forest simulator Formix3 to parameterise the Markov model , 2001. Formix3 is a process-based model which simultaneously calculates tree growth in a landscape matrix of neighbouring patches, which interact through tree fall processes.…”

Section: The Vegetation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu and Ashton, 1999;Ditzer et al, 2000;Chave, 2001). These models are important for understanding how natural and anthropogenic disturbances influence and alter tropical rain forest ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acevedo et al, 1996), which was parametrised with results of the well-tested mixed forest simulator Formix3 , 2001. We developed a model called BioDiv which simulates the population dynamics of hypothetical bird species and the diversity of the whole community based on the dynamics of our vegetation model (modified from Seagle and Shugart, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating anthropogenic impacts to bird communities in tropical rain forests

Köhler

Reinhard

Huth

2002

Biological Conservation

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We used an aggregated modelling approach to simulate the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on the long-term dynamics of faunal diversity in tropical rain forests. We restricted our study to bird communities even though the approach is more general. We developed a model called BioDiv which simulated the establishment of hypothetical bird species in a forest. Our model was based on the results of a simple matrix model which calculated the spatio-temporal dynamics of a tropical rain forest in Malaysia. We analysed the establishment of bird species in a secondary forest succession and the impacts of 60 different logging scenarios on the diversity of the bird community. Of the three logging parameters (cycle length, method, intensity), logging intensity had the most servere impact on the bird community. In the worst case the number of bird species was reduced to 23% of the species richness found in a primary forest.

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Spatial Patterns and Persistence of Woody Plant Species in Ecological Communities

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Comparing Classical Community Models: Theoretical Consequences for Patterns of Diversity

Comparing Classical Community Models: Theoretical Consequences for Patterns of Diversity

Crescimento de mudas de <i>Jacaranda puberula</i> Cham. em viveiro submetidas a diferentes níveis de luminosidade.

Simulating anthropogenic impacts to bird communities in tropical rain forests

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