Spatial patterns of leprosy in a hyperendemic state in Northern Brazil, 2001-2012

Monteiro, Lorena Dias; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio; Brito, Aline Lima; Alencar, Carlos Henrique; Heukelbach, Jörg

doi:10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005866

Cited by 47 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 show the articles' summaries according to the scale used: two evaluated regions/ mesoregions 14,15 ; 13 used the scale of municipalities 10,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] ; 4 evaluated districts [28][29][30][31] ; 6 studied neighborhoods [32][33][34][35][36][37] ; 7 analyzed the census tracts [38][39][40][41][42][43][44] ; and 3 investigated households [45][46][47] . Within each scale, the articles were organized by location: Brazil, Northern, Northeast, Midwest, and Southeast regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within each scale, the articles were organized by location: Brazil, Northern, Northeast, Midwest, and Southeast regions. In all, 4 approached Brazil 10,16-18 , 7 studied the Northern region or the states of the Amazon region 14,19,20,[38][39][40]45 , 11 focused on the Northeast region [21][22][23]28,[32][33][34][35][36]40,41 , 4 the Midwest region 15,29,37,46 , and 12 the Southeast region [24][25][26][27]30,31,36,37,[42][43][44]47 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies using the scale of municipalities identified clusters and heterogeneity in the distribution of the disease associated with low socioeconomic indicators 23,26 and increased urbanization 21,23 , apart from indicators that overlap with high values -global NCDR, NCDR in children under 15 years, and grade 2 disability 19,20 . In the Northern region and the Amazonian States, high percentages of hyperendemic municipalities (NCDR >40/100,000 inhabitants) were accentuated.…”

Section: Silva Clm Et Al -Spatial Distribution Of Leprosy In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution of leprosy in Brazil: a literature review

Silva

Fonseca

Kawa

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Leprosy remains a public health problem in developing countries. Among communicable diseases, it is one of the leading causes of permanent disability. Brazil had not reached the goal of reducing cases to less than 1 per 10,000 population. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of leprosy cases in Brazil, using a literature review. The search strategy included the LILACS and MEDLINE databases with no language or period restriction. Ecological studies with spatial data analysis were considered as a criterion for the inclusion. We found 38 studies for review after the selection criteria. Among the epidemiological indicators of the disease, the most common was the new case detection rate. Several articles have explored the association between spatial distribution of leprosy and socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental factors. The most common unit of analysis was the municipality. The spatial distribution methods mostly used were: empirical Bayesian method, autocorrelation (Moran's I index) and Kernel estimates. The distribution of leprosy was very heterogeneous, independent of t h e unit of analysis. There was a decrease in the rate of detection and among under-15-year-olds, but some regions maintained high endemicity during the study period. The distribution and risk of illness were directly related to living conditions of the population. Improved access to health services was associated with increased detection rate in some regions. Spatial analysis seems to be a very useful tool to study leprosy and to guide interventions and surveillance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Silva Clm Et Al -Spatial Distribution Of Leprosy In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution of leprosy in Brazil: a literature review

Silva

Fonseca

Kawa

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…The condition identified as essential to achieve the target of elimination of the disease, as proposed by the WHO, is the increased supply of health services through the decentralization of control actions in the cities and the inclusion of leprosy treatment in the Primary Health Care services, mainly in areas of social inequality [9]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial clustering and local risk of leprosy in São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAlthough the detection rate is decreasing, the proportion of new cases with WHO grade 2 disability (G2D) is increasing, creating concern among policy makers and the Brazilian government. This study aimed to identify spatial clustering of leprosy and classify high-risk areas in a major leprosy cluster using the SatScan method.MethodsData were obtained including all leprosy cases diagnosed between January 2006 and December 2013. In addition to the clinical variable, information was also gathered regarding the G2D of the patient at diagnosis and after treatment. The Scan Spatial statistic test, developed by Kulldorff e Nagarwalla, was used to identify spatial clustering and to measure the local risk (Relative Risk—RR) of leprosy. Maps considering these risks and their confidence intervals were constructed.ResultsA total of 434 cases were identified, including 188 (43.31%) borderline leprosy and 101 (23.28%) lepromatous leprosy cases. There was a predominance of males, with ages ranging from 15 to 59 years, and 51 patients (11.75%) presented G2D. Two significant spatial clusters and three significant spatial-temporal clusters were also observed. The main spatial cluster (p = 0.000) contained 90 census tracts, a population of approximately 58,438 inhabitants, detection rate of 22.6 cases per 100,000 people and RR of approximately 3.41 (95%CI = 2.721–4.267). Regarding the spatial-temporal clusters, two clusters were observed, with RR ranging between 24.35 (95%CI = 11.133–52.984) and 15.24 (95%CI = 10.114–22.919).ConclusionThese findings could contribute to improvements in policies and programming, aiming for the eradication of leprosy in Brazil. The Spatial Scan statistic test was found to be an interesting resource for health managers and healthcare professionals to map the vulnerability of areas in terms of leprosy transmission risk and areas of underreporting.

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“…Regarding hanseniasis, we highlight articles that estimate the burden of disease in different regions of the Country 2 , 105 , 124 and those describing the main aspects of its behavior in high-endemicity areas 123 . We have two texts that deserve special highlight for their historical importance: the article of Guimarães 87 , which analyzes the integration of care of patients with hanseniasis in general hospitals, and the comment of Rotberg 143 on the pathogenic theory of Hansen’s disease.…”

Section: Infectious Diseases With Mild Decline Tendencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Path of infectious diseases in Brazil in the last 50 years: an ongoing challenge

Waldman

Sato

2016

Rev. Saúde Pública

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In this article, we comment on the main features of infectious diseases in Brazil in the last 50 years, highlighting how much of this path Revista de Saúde Pública could portray. From 1967 to 2016, 1,335 articles focusing on infectious diseases were published in Revista de Saúde Pública. Although the proportion of articles on the topic have decreased from about 50.0% to 15.0%, its notability remained and reflected the growing complexity of the research required for its control. It is noteworthy that studies design and analysis strategies progressively became more sophisticated, following the great development of epidemiology in Brazil in the recent decades. Thus, the journal has followed the success of public health interventions that permitted to control or eliminate numerous infectious diseases – which were responsible, in the past, for high rates of morbidity and mortality –, and also followed the reemergence of diseases already controlled and the emergence of until then unknown diseases, with a strong impact on the Brazilian population, establishing a little predictable and very challenging path.

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Spatial patterns of leprosy in a hyperendemic state in Northern Brazil, 2001-2012

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Spatial distribution of leprosy in Brazil: a literature review

Spatial distribution of leprosy in Brazil: a literature review

Spatial clustering and local risk of leprosy in São Paulo, Brazil

Path of infectious diseases in Brazil in the last 50 years: an ongoing challenge

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