Spatial patterns of ponderosa pine regeneration in high-severity burn patches

Owen, Suzanne M.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull; Meador, Andrew J. Sánchez; Fulé, Peter Z.; Iniguez, José M.; Baggett, L. Scott; Fornwalt, Paula J.; Battaglia, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2017.09.005

Cited by 77 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Our results suggest that, like the residual forest, post-fire regeneration also had a tendency to aggregate at distances up to 30 m. Similar to patterns observed following high-severity fire, distance from the nearest residual tree was a significant driver of post-fire conifer regeneration density [25,27,29]. However in this case, distance does not represent a limitation of seed dispersal, but the influence of both light and available space.…”

Section: Post-fire Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…For example, regeneration can be clustered at longer distances depending on how their parent trees are spaced, but regularly spaced at a small scale because they compete for resources. There is also evidence in some studies of clustering [53,54] and perhaps facilitation at small scales [29].…”

Section: Residual Forest Structurementioning

confidence: 90%

“…For species without serotinous cones, tree establishment is largely a function of seed dispersal [66] and competition from other species [23,67]. While the conditions created by high-severity fire can lead to dispersal and recruitment limitations [23,25,29], the residual forest structure following mixed-severity fire contained fire-resistant, seed-bearing conifer trees [68], whose location within the landscape, thick bark, and high crown base heights facilitated their survival and post-fire forest recovery. The residual forest following mixed-severity fire was sufficient to support natural regeneration within 12 years following the fire, in a region where seed masting events are episodic [26,69,70] and occur on average every 3-12 years for dominant conifers (ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir), with limited seed availability in intervening years [71].…”

Section: Post-fire Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixed-Severity Fire Fosters Heterogeneous Spatial Patterns of Conifer Regeneration in a Dry Conifer Forest

Malone

Fornwalt

Battaglia

et al. 2018

Forests

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Abstract:We examined spatial patterns of post-fire regenerating conifers in a Colorado, USA, dry conifer forest 11-12 years following the reintroduction of mixed-severity fire. We mapped and measured all post-fire regenerating conifers, as well as all other post-fire regenerating trees and all residual (i.e., surviving) trees, in three 4-ha plots following the 2002 Hayman Fire. Residual tree density ranged from 167 to 197 trees ha −1 (TPH), and these trees were clustered at distances up to 30 m. Post-fire regenerating conifers, which ranged in density from 241 to 1036 TPH, were also clustered at distances up to at least 30 m. Moreover, residual tree locations drove post-fire regenerating conifer locations, with the two showing a pattern of repulsion. Topography and post-fire sprouting tree species locations further drove post-fire conifer regeneration locations. These results provide a foundation for anticipating how the reintroduction of mixed-severity fire may affect long-term forest structure, and also yield insights into how historical mixed-severity fire may have regulated the spatially heterogeneous conditions commonly described for pre-settlement dry conifer forests of Colorado and elsewhere.

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Section: Post-fire Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Residual Forest Structurementioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Post-fire Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixed-Severity Fire Fosters Heterogeneous Spatial Patterns of Conifer Regeneration in a Dry Conifer Forest

Malone

Fornwalt

Battaglia

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…Her notable works include evaluating the fire history within the interior ponderosa pine forests found in South Dakota [65,66]. Her recent works include understanding the role of high-severity fires on spatial patterns of ponderosa pine regeneration [67] and the interactions of fires and bark beetles in ponderosa pine forests [68].…”

Section: Recognizing Women Leaders In Fire Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dr. Mack's research focuses on plant community ecology and what biological and environmental drivers impact ecosystem dynamics under global change. Her notable works include contributions to a synthesis seeking to further understand the impacts of changing biodiversity on ecosystem processes and resilience [123], the impacts of nutrient fertilization on carbon storage in the Arctic Tundra [124], and the impacts of invasive species on disturbance regimes [67], and assessing how fires in boreal and arctic systems impact carbon processes and radiative forcing [53,125]. Her recent work includes an analysis of tree rings in black spruce forests to predict future ecosystem resilience to fires [126].…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing Women Leaders in Fire Science

Smith

Kolden

Prichard

et al. 2018

Fire

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Across the breadth of fire science disciplines, women are leaders in fire research and development. We want to acknowledge some of these leaders to promote diversity across our disciplines. In Fire, we are also happy to announce a new Special Collection, through which we will continue to acknowledge current and future Diversity Leaders in Fire Science by inviting contributions from the leaders in this editorial, among others.Keywords: leadership; women in science The Need to Recognize Women Leaders in Fire ScienceIn 1965, Alice Rossi asked a fundamental question: "Why so few women in science?" [1]. It has long been recognized that women are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) disciplines, with a substantial dialogue in the literature as to the impacts of such underrepresentation. As representation has increased, the debate now focuses on additional questions of equity in leadership, funding, advancement, and mechanisms of support for female scientists. These questions are embedded in three foundational concepts: (1) all scientists, regardless of gender, deserve equal access to opportunities; (2) the smartest and most talented people (regardless of gender) should be conducting scientific research, such that the most critical breakthroughs and contributions are realized; and (3) to understand and solve complex fire science problems, a broad diversity of perspectives, modes of problem attack, and epistemologies are needed [2]. We also acknowledge the need to recognize other underrepresented voices in the fire science community, such as indigenous and racial minorities, individuals with disabilities, and the LGBTQIA community, who all bring different ways of doing and knowing to science.The reader may understandably ask: Why this journal? In fire science, there is a distinct and critical need to increase the recognition of women. Natural hazards research more broadly has widely recognized that women are more vulnerable to natural disasters, and female scientists in other natural hazard disciplines have brought an important perspective to the research that facilitates understanding and reducing such gender disparities. An equivalent gender dialogue does not yet exist in wildfire science but will be necessary to reduce vulnerabilities (e.g., smoke impacts on health, post-traumatic stress disorder following evacuation) and also understand the unique perspectives women have on wildfire as an ecological process. For example, women globally bear much of the childrearing duties; a key fire science question one might ask is whether acceptance of prescribed fire by communities is gendered based on perceptions of impacts to children? The reader may also question the mixed genders of the authors of this editorial. Many proponents of increased recognition of women in science have highlighted that a major part of the problem has been that not enough male allies stand up publicly for their female colleagues, in part because some are embarrassed, fearful, or even feel, and are so...

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From the stand scale to the landscape scale: predicting the spatial patterns of forest regeneration after disturbance

Shive

Preisler

Welch

et al. 2018

Ecological Applications

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Shifting disturbance regimes can have cascading effects on many ecosystems processes. This is particularly true when the scale of the disturbance no longer matches the regeneration strategy of the dominant vegetation. In the yellow pine and mixed conifer forests of California, over a century of fire exclusion and the warming climate are increasing the incidence and extent of stand-replacing wildfire; such changes in severity patterns are altering regeneration dynamics by dramatically increasing the distance from live tree seed sources. This has raised concerns about limitations to natural reforestation and the potential for conversion to non-forested vegetation types, which in turn has implications for shifts in many ecological processes and ecosystem services. We used a California region-wide data set with 1,848 plots across 24 wildfires in yellow pine and mixed conifer forests to build a spatially explicit habitat suitability model for forecasting postfire forest regeneration. To model the effect of seed availability, the critical initial biological filter for regeneration, we used a novel approach to predicting spatial patterns of seed availability by estimating annual seed production from existing basal area and burn severity maps. The probability of observing any conifer seedling in a 60-m area (the field plot scale) was highly dependent on 30-yr average annual precipitation, burn severity, and seed availability. We then used this model to predict regeneration probabilities across the entire extent of a "new" fire (the 2014 King Fire), which highlights the spatial variability inherent in postfire regeneration patterns. Such forecasts of postfire regeneration patterns are of importance to land managers and conservationists interested in maintaining forest cover on the landscape. Our tool can also help anticipate shifts in ecosystem properties, supporting researchers interested in investigating questions surrounding alternative stable states, and the interaction of altered disturbance regimes and the changing climate.

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Spatial patterns of ponderosa pine regeneration in high-severity burn patches

Cited by 77 publications

References 81 publications

Mixed-Severity Fire Fosters Heterogeneous Spatial Patterns of Conifer Regeneration in a Dry Conifer Forest

Mixed-Severity Fire Fosters Heterogeneous Spatial Patterns of Conifer Regeneration in a Dry Conifer Forest

Recognizing Women Leaders in Fire Science

From the stand scale to the landscape scale: predicting the spatial patterns of forest regeneration after disturbance

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