Spatial properties of horizontal cell reponses in the cat retina

Lankheet, M.J.M.; Frens, Maarten A.; Grind, W. A. van de

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(90)90001-2

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In cat retina, increased cell density has not been correlated with a reduction in horizontal cell receptive field size as a function of decreasing retinal eccentricity (Lankheet et al, 1990(Lankheet et al, , 1992Nelson, 1977), a correlation that is very strong in primate retina. This probably reflects the large central receptive fields and shallower peripheral to central density gradient found in the cat horizontal cell network.…”

Section: A Comparison Of Vertebrate Horizontal Cell Networkmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This may account for some differences between cat and monkey horizontal cell physiology. For example, the line weighting function estimated the cat horizontal cell receptive field to be several times larger than the estimate derived from the spatial tuning curve measured with gratings (Lankheet, Frens, & van de Grind, 1990;Lankeet et al, 1992). Our estimates of receptive field size in macaque H1 cells were similar regardless of stimulus configuration.…”

Section: A Comparison Of Vertebrate Horizontal Cell Networkmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Receptive field structure of H1 horizontal cells in macaque monkey retina

Packer

Dacey

2002

Journal of Vision

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The ganglion cells of primate retina have center-surround receptive fields. A strong candidate for mediating linear surround circuitry is negative feedback from the H1 horizontal cell onto the cone pedicle. We measured the spatial properties of H1 cell receptive fields in the in vitro macaque monkey retina using sinusoidal gratings, spots, and annuli. Spatial tuning curves ranged in shape from smoothly low pass to prominently notched. The tuning curves of approximately 80% of cells could be well described by a sum of two exponentials, giving a prominent central peak superimposed on a broad shallow skirt. The mean diameter of the combined receptive field decreased with eccentricity from 309 micro m at 11 mm to 122 micro m at 4 mm. We propose that the strong narrow field reflects direct synaptic input from the cones overlying the dendritic tree whereas the weak wide field reflects coupled inputs from neighboring H1 cells. Those cells not well fit by a sum of exponentials had tuning curves with additional peaks at higher spatial frequencies that were likely due to undersampling in the cone-H1 network. Unlike other vertebrates, the macaque H1 network is less strongly coupled, has smaller receptive fields, and shows no functional plasticity. Macaque H1 receptive fields are surprisingly small, suggesting a great reduction in electrical coupling. Because the center of the H1 receptive field gets only a small percentage of its total response from the coupled field, the smallest receptive fields are similar in diameter to the dendritic trees. They are probably small enough to form the surrounds of foveal midget cells. The H1 network is compatible with a mixed-surround model of spectral opponency.

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Section: A Comparison Of Vertebrate Horizontal Cell Networkmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: A Comparison Of Vertebrate Horizontal Cell Networkmentioning

confidence: 97%

Receptive field structure of H1 horizontal cells in macaque monkey retina

Packer

Dacey

2002

Journal of Vision

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“…The membrane conductance consists of many components, including non-specific non-gated channels, and ion-selected gated channels, which for practical purposes, can be considered as an average phenomenological or equivalent impedance (Tranchina 2002). Similarly, electrically coupled horizontal cells (Kaneko 1971; Byzov 1975) form a continuous 2D layer (Lankheet et al 1990), and the space and time constants of this layer were defined by longitudinal conductance g h,l , membrane conductance g h,m , and membrane capacitance c h . We included two types of negative feedback from horizontal cells: GABA-ergic feedback, and calcium channel feedback.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing contrast resolution in the outer retina of mammals

2010

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The outer retina removes the first-order correlation, the background light level, and thus more efficiently transmits contrast. This removal is accomplished by negative feedback from horizontal cell to photoreceptors. However, the optimal feedback gain to maximize the contrast sensitivity and spatial resolution is not known. The objective of this study was to determine, from the known structure of the outer retina, the synaptic gains that optimize the response to spatial and temporal contrast within natural images. We modeled the outer retina as a continuous 2D extension of the discrete 1D model of Yagi et al. (Proc Int Joint Conf Neural Netw 1: 787–789, 1989). We determined the spatio-temporal impulse response of the model using small-signal analysis, assuming that the stimulus did not perturb the resting state of the feedback system. In order to maximize the efficiency of the feedback system, we derived the relationships between time constants, space constants, and synaptic gains that give the fastest temporal adaptation and the highest spatial resolution of the photoreceptor input to bipolar cells. We found that feedback which directly modulated photoreceptor calcium channel activation, as opposed to changing photoreceptor voltage, provides faster adaptation to light onset and higher spatial resolution. The optimal solution suggests that the feedback gain from horizontal cells to photoreceptors should be ~0.5. The model can be extended to retinas that have two or more horizontal cell networks with different space constants. The theoretical predictions closely match experimental observations of outer retinal function.

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“…Experimental procedures were similar to those described previously (Lankheet et al 1990(Lankheet et al , 1993, and are only summarized here. All cells were recorded from two adult cats (4.0 and 3.8 kg in weight).…”

Section: Preparation and Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial asymmetries in cat retinal ganglion cell responses

Gaudiano

Przybyszewski

Wezel

et al. 1998

Biological Cybernetics

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Enroth-Cugell and Robson (1966) first proposed a classification of retinal ganglion cells into X cells, which exhibit approximate linear spatial summation and largely sustained responses, and Y cells, which exhibit nonlinearities and transient responses. Gaudiano (1992a, 1992b, 1994) has suggested that the dominant characteristics of both X and Y cells can be simulated with a single model simply by changing receptive field profiles to match those of the anatomical counterparts of X and Y cells. He also proposed that a significant component of the spatial nonlinearities observed in Y (and sometimes X) cells can result from photoreceptor nonlinearities coupled with push-pull bipolar connections. Specifically, an asymmetry was predicted in the ganglion cell response to rectangular gratings presented at different locations in the receptive field under two conditions: introduction/withdrawal (on-off) or contrast reversal. When measuring the response to these patterns as a function of spatial phase, the standard difference-of-Gaussians model predicts symmetrical responses about the receptive field center, while the push-pull model predicts slight but significant asymmetry in the on-off case only. To test this hypothesis, we have recorded ganglion cell responses from the optic tract fibers of anesthetized cat. The mean and standard deviations of responses to on-off and contrast-reversed patterns were compared. We found that all but one of the cells that yielded statistically significant data confirmed the hypothesis. These results largely support the theoretical prediction.

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Spatial properties of horizontal cell reponses in the cat retina

Cited by 39 publications

References 40 publications

Receptive field structure of H1 horizontal cells in macaque monkey retina

Receptive field structure of H1 horizontal cells in macaque monkey retina

Maximizing contrast resolution in the outer retina of mammals

Spatial asymmetries in cat retinal ganglion cell responses

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