Spatial-Temporal Variation and Tradeoffs/Synergies Analysis on Multiple Ecosystem Services: A Case Study in Fujian

Abstract

The rapid urbanization process has severely affected the ecological security and ecosystem services (ESs) in China’s southern province of Fujian, and threated the sustainable development of the local economy and society in the last two decades. This study mapped the spatial-temporal variation of four types of ESs and evaluated the tradeoffs/synergies among the ESs in Fujian Province from 2000 to 2020 on the three scales of the province, city and county. The results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the three ESs functions of soil conservation service, carbon storage service, and habitat quality decreased, while the function of food supply service increased. (2) At the provincial scale, soil conservation services, carbon storage services, and habitat quality were in a synergistic relationship, and food supply service was always in tradeoffs relationships with soil conservation services, carbon storage services, and habitat quality. At the prefecture-level scale, the tradeoffs/synergies among ESs vary among prefecture-level cities. At the county scale, the Moran’s I index of bivariate spatial autocorrelation was consistent with the correlation coefficient, and the tradeoffs/synergies between ESs showed significant spatial heterogeneity. (3) Based on the correlation analysis method, the Ecosystem Service Tradeoff-synergy Degree (ESTD) model and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis can clearly show the relationship between various ESs, and the research results are relatively consistent. The spatial distribution of four ecosystem services in Fujian province showed a specific aggregation pattern. High—high concentrations and low—low concentrations are strong. Low—high agglomeration and high—low agglomeration are weak.

Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Ecosystem Services Supply-Demand and Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Resource-Based Cities in the Yellow River Basin, China

“…Spatial autocorrelation analysis is a statistical method used to measure the spatial distribution characteristics of physical or ecological variables and the degree of their influence on the domain [ 40 ]. In this study, the global autocorrelation of the ES supply-demand degree was examined using Moran’s I value.…”

Spatial–Temporal Pattern Analysis and Development Forecasting of Carbon Stock Based on Land Use Change Simulation: A Case Study of the Xiamen–Zhangzhou–Quanzhou Urban Agglomeration, China

“…Dead organic carbon is the amount of carbon stored in dead trees. The carbon density data of each land use type were obtained by referring to existing research results [58][59][60][61][62], and the final carbon density database in the study area was constructed (Table 1).…”

“…Dead organic carbon is the amoun carbon stored in dead trees. The carbon density data of each land use type were obtain by referring to existing research results [58][59][60][61][62], and the final carbon density database the study area was constructed (Table 1). Socioeconomic, public administration, climatic, and geographic-environmental factors were taken into account as the drivers of land use change (Table 2), and datasets were quality-controlled through manual review.…”

Dynamic Simulation and Tradeoffs and Synergies of Ecosystem Service Value in Metropolitan Suburbs Using the PLUS Model

“…Throughout the evolution of human society, people consistently seek to enhance their welfare by following Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Consequently, Their preferences for ecosystem services are ranked from highest to lowest from provisioning services, regulating services, cultural services and supporting services [42]. The ecological resource management decisions guided by this utility preference hierarchy may exacerbate the contradiction between supply services and other ecosystem services to a certain extent.…”