Spatio‐temporal analysis of mitotic activity with a labile cyclin–GUS fusion protein

Colón‐Carmona, Adán; You, Ratha; Haimovitch‐Gal, Tal; Doerner, Peter

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00620.x

Cited by 624 publications

(570 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…S1), suggesting that only cell proliferation is inhibited in darkness. We confirmed this by using the CYCB1;1:GUS cell proliferation marker (Colón-Carmona et al, 1999) (Fig. 1F).…”

Section: Darkness Reduces Root Growth In a Reversible Mannersupporting

confidence: 60%

COP1 mediates the coordination of root and shoot growth by light through modulation of PIN1- and PIN2-dependent auxin transport in Arabidopsis

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYWhen a plant germinates in the soil, elongation of stem-like organs is enhanced whereas leaf and root growth is inhibited. How these differential growth responses are orchestrated by light and integrated at the organismal level to shape the plant remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that light signals through the master photomorphogenesis repressor COP1 to coordinate root and shoot growth in Arabidopsis. In the shoot, COP1 regulates shoot-to-root auxin transport by controlling the transcription of the auxin efflux carrier gene PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1), thus appropriately tuning shoot-derived auxin levels in the root. This in turn directly influences root elongation and adapts auxin transport and cell proliferation in the root apical meristem by modulating PIN1 and PIN2 intracellular distribution in the root in a COP1-dependent fashion, thus permitting a rapid and precise tuning of root growth to the light environment. Our data identify auxin as a long-distance signal in developmental adaptation to light and illustrate how spatially separated control mechanisms can converge on the same signaling system to coordinate development at the whole plant level.

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“…S1), suggesting that only cell proliferation is inhibited in darkness. We confirmed this by using the CYCB1;1:GUS cell proliferation marker (Colón-Carmona et al, 1999) (Fig. 1F).…”

Section: Darkness Reduces Root Growth In a Reversible Mannersupporting

confidence: 60%

COP1 mediates the coordination of root and shoot growth by light through modulation of PIN1- and PIN2-dependent auxin transport in Arabidopsis

et al. 2012

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“…The distribution of molecular markers for the G2-to-M transition, CycB1;1 DB :GUS or CycB1;1 DB :GFP, has been used as a marker for the PD of the RAM (Colon-Carmona et al, 1999;Hauser and Bauer, 2000;Aida et al, 2004;Ticconi et al, 2004;Li et al, 2005;Cruz-Ramırez et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Growing Part Of the Root Consists Of Three Discrete Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CycB1;1 DB :GFP reporter detects cells in late G2 and early M phases of the cell cycle (Colon-Carmona et al, 1999). Therefore, the cell length profile was obtained for a root portion where GFP-positive cells were detected (presumptive PD) and shootward of this zone for a portion of at least half of the presumptive TD.…”

Section: The Growing Part Of the Root Consists Of Three Discrete Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal zonation pattern inArabidopsisroot tip defined by a multiple structural change algorithm

Pacheco-Escobedo

Ivanov

Ransom-Rodríguez

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims The Arabidopsis thaliana root is a key experimental system in developmental biology. Despite its importance, we are still lacking an objective and broadly applicable approach for identification of number and position of developmental domains or zones along the longitudinal axis of the root apex or boundaries between them, which is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying cell proliferation, elongation and differentiation dynamics during root development.Methods We used a statistics approach, the multiple structural change algorithm (MSC), for estimating the number and position of developmental transitions in the growing portion of the root apex. Once the positions of the transitions between domains and zones were determined, linear models were used to estimate the critical size of dividing cells (L critD ) and other parameters.Key Results The MSC approach enabled identification of three discrete regions in the growing parts of the root that correspond to the proliferation domain (PD), the transition domain (TD) and the elongation zone (EZ). Simultaneous application of the MSC approach and G2-to-M transition (CycB1;1DB:GFP) and endoreduplication (pCCS52A1:GUS) molecular markers confirmed the presence and position of the TD. We also found that the MADS-box gene XAANTAL1 (XAL1) is required for the wild-type (wt) PD increase in length during the first 2 weeks of growth. Contrary to wt, in the xal1 loss-of-function mutant the increase and acceleration of root growth were not detected. We also found alterations in L critD in xal1 compared with wt, which was associated with longer cell cycle duration in the mutant.Conclusions The MSC approach is a useful, objective and versatile tool for identification of the PD, TD and EZ and boundaries between them in the root apices and can be used for the phenotyping of different genetic backgrounds, experimental treatments or developmental changes within a genotype. The tool is publicly available at www.ibiologia.com.mx/MSC_analysis.

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“…To examine the pattern of mitotic activity in the root meristems, we analyzed the activity of a CycB1:GUS fusion gene in the transgenic background. Owing to a mitotic degradation signal in the protein, reporter gene activity marks only actively dividing cells (Colón-Carmona et al, 1999) (Figures 9A and 9B). At 4 DAG, the primary root length of 35S:AtCKX1 seedlings was 44% greater than that of the wild type ( Figure 9C).…”

Section: Root Formation and Growth Of 35s:atckx Transgenic Plants Arementioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin-Deficient Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Show Multiple Developmental Alterations Indicating Opposite Functions of Cytokinins in the Regulation of Shoot and Root Meristem Activity

Werner

Motyka

Laucou³

et al. 2003

Plant Cell

1,322

1,243

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Cytokinins are hormones that regulate cell division and development. As a result of a lack of specific mutants and biochemical tools, it has not been possible to study the consequences of cytokinin deficiency. Cytokinin-deficient plants are expected to yield information about processes in which cytokinins are limiting and that, therefore, they might regulate. We have engineered transgenic Arabidopsis plants that overexpress individually six different members of the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase ( AtCKX ) gene family and have undertaken a detailed phenotypic analysis. Transgenic plants had increased cytokinin breakdown (30 to 45% of wild-type cytokinin content) and reduced expression of the cytokinin reporter gene ARR5 : GUS ( ␤ -glucuronidase). Cytokinin deficiency resulted in diminished activity of the vegetative and floral shoot apical meristems and leaf primordia, indicating an absolute requirement for the hormone. By contrast, cytokinins are negative regulators of root growth and lateral root formation. We show that the increased growth of the primary root is linked to an enhanced meristematic cell number, suggesting that cytokinins control the exit of cells from the root meristem. Different AtCKX-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins were localized to the vacuoles or the endoplasmic reticulum and possibly to the extracellular space, indicating that subcellular compartmentation plays an important role in cytokinin biology. Analyses of promoter: GUS fusion genes showed differential expression of AtCKX genes during plant development, the activity being confined predominantly to zones of active growth. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that cytokinins have central, but opposite, regulatory functions in root and shoot meristems and indicate that a fine-tuned control of catabolism plays an important role in ensuring the proper regulation of cytokinin functions.

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Spatio‐temporal analysis of mitotic activity with a labile cyclin–GUS fusion protein

Cited by 624 publications

References 19 publications

COP1 mediates the coordination of root and shoot growth by light through modulation of PIN1- and PIN2-dependent auxin transport in Arabidopsis

COP1 mediates the coordination of root and shoot growth by light through modulation of PIN1- and PIN2-dependent auxin transport in Arabidopsis

Longitudinal zonation pattern inArabidopsisroot tip defined by a multiple structural change algorithm

Cytokinin-Deficient Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Show Multiple Developmental Alterations Indicating Opposite Functions of Cytokinins in the Regulation of Shoot and Root Meristem Activity

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