Spatio-temporal expression of a Netrin homolog in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (HpNetrin) during serotonergic axon extension

Katow, Hideki

doi:10.1387/ijdb.082684hk

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…BCL-2-like protein 1 (BCLx, contig_3774), which is involved with apoptosis [ 60 , 61 ] and regulation of synaptic activity [ 62 ], was expressed at a higher level in treated sea stars. There is also evidence for neurogenesis, as nerve guidance and growth protein transcripts such as Blocks Notch protein (Botch, contig_7409) [ 63 ], neurensin (contig_18669) [ 64 ], and netrin receptor UNC5D (contig_4949) [ 65 ] were all highly expressed in treated sea stars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up in Arms: Immune and Nervous System Response to Sea Star Wasting Disease

et al. 2015

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Echinoderms, positioned taxonomically at the base of deuterostomes, provide an important system for the study of the evolution of the immune system. However, there is little known about the cellular components and genes associated with echinoderm immunity. The 2013–2014 sea star wasting disease outbreak is an emergent, rapidly spreading disease, which has led to large population declines of asteroids in the North American Pacific. While evidence suggests that the signs of this disease, twisting arms and lesions, may be attributed to a viral infection, the host response to infection is still poorly understood. In order to examine transcriptional responses of the sea star Pycnopodia helianthoides to sea star wasting disease, we injected a viral sized fraction (0.2 μm) homogenate prepared from symptomatic P. helianthoides into apparently healthy stars. Nine days following injection, when all stars were displaying signs of the disease, specimens were sacrificed and coelomocytes were extracted for RNA-seq analyses. A number of immune genes, including those involved in Toll signaling pathways, complement cascade, melanization response, and arachidonic acid metabolism, were differentially expressed. Furthermore, genes involved in nervous system processes and tissue remodeling were also differentially expressed, pointing to transcriptional changes underlying the signs of sea star wasting disease. The genomic resources presented here not only increase understanding of host response to sea star wasting disease, but also provide greater insight into the mechanisms underlying immune function in echinoderms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up in Arms: Immune and Nervous System Response to Sea Star Wasting Disease

et al. 2015

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“…Potential contamination of the reactions by genomic DNA was examined using cDNA templates prepared without reverse transcriptase. For a positive control, RT–PCR was carried out using a pair of primers for H. pulcherrimus ubiquitin ( Hp‐ubi ) (Katow 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal expression pattern of an encephalopsin orthologue of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus during early development, and its potential role in larval vertical migration

et al. 2010

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We have cloned and studied Hp-ECPN, an encephalopsin orthologue of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Hp-ecpn cDNA was produced and found to contain a 1461-bp open reading frame that encodes 486 amino acids. Accumulation of Hp-ecpn mRNA and protein expression occurred at the 14 h postfertilization (hpf) swimming blastula stage and thereafter. The Hp-ECPN protein was N-glycosylated, and the amino acid sequence was similar to that of vertebrate encephalopsins. Whole-mount immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of Hp-ECPN in cells (ECPN cells) that appeared initially around the tip of the archenteron in 20 hpf early gastrulae. By the 54 hpf pluteus stage, ECPN cells had spread through the aboral ectoderm, and, by the eight-arm pluteus stage, were restricted to the tips of the larval arms and the posterior end of the body. The number of ECPN cells increased under conditions of continuous light, but decreased under continuous dark. Knockdown of Hp-ecpn mRNA using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides decreased the number of ECPN cells considerably, and inhibited the vertical swimming of the larvae. This suggested that Hp-ECPN plays a role in photosensitive larval swimming vertical migration. In adult tissues, the ECPN cells were detected exclusively in tube feet.

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“…Antisera against Hp-GabrA and Hp-Gabarap were raised in accordance with a method described previously (Katow, 2008) (Yaguchi and Katow, 2003;Katow et al, 2004;Hara and Katow, 2005;Katow 2008;Katow et al, 2010). The amino acid sequences were chosen on the basis of a Physico-Chemical Profiles analysis within Network Protein Sequence Analysis (http://npsa-pbil.ibcp.fr/cgibin/npsa_automat.pl?page=npsa_pcprof.html), and are specific to GABA A R protein of invertebrates and GABARAP of both vertebrates and invertebrates according to a BLAST search.…”

Section: Antibody Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)-ergic signaling system and its role in larval swimming in sea urchin

Katow

Abe

Katow

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe present study aimed to elucidate the development and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)-ergic regulation of larval swimming in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus by cloning glutamate decarboxylase (Hp-gad), GABA A receptor (Hp-gabrA) and GABA A receptor-associated protein (Hp-gabarap), and by performing immunohistochemistry. The regulation of larval swimming was increasingly dependent on the GABAergic system, which was active from the 2days post-fertilization (d.p.f.) pluteus stage onwards. GABA-immunoreactive cells were detected as a subpopulation of secondary mesenchyme cells during gastrulation and eventually constituted the ciliary band and a subpopulation of blastocoelar cells during the pluteus stage. Hp-gad transcription was detected by RT-PCR during the period when Hp-Gad-positive cells were seen as a subpopulation of blastocoelar cells and on the apical side of the ciliary band from the 2d.p.f. pluteus stage. Consistent with these observations, inhibition of GAD with 3-mercaptopropioninc acid inhibited GABA immunoreactivity and larval swimming dose dependently. Hp-gabrA amplimers were detected weakly in unfertilized eggs and 4d.p.f. plutei but strongly from fertilized eggs to 2d.p.f. plutei, and Hp-GabrA, together with GABA, was localized at the ciliary band in association with dopamine receptor D1 from the two-arm pluteus stage. Hpgabarap transcription and protein expression were detected from the swimming blastula stage. Inhibition of the GABA A receptor by bicuculline inhibited larval swimming dose dependently. Inhibition of larval swimming by either 3-mercaptopropionic acid or bicuculline was more severe in older larvae (17 and 34d.p.f. plutei) than in younger ones (1d.p.f. prism larvae).

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Spatio-temporal expression of a Netrin homolog in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (HpNetrin) during serotonergic axon extension

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Up in Arms: Immune and Nervous System Response to Sea Star Wasting Disease

Up in Arms: Immune and Nervous System Response to Sea Star Wasting Disease

Spatiotemporal expression pattern of an encephalopsin orthologue of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus during early development, and its potential role in larval vertical migration

Development of the γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)-ergic signaling system and its role in larval swimming in sea urchin

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