Spatiotemporal Pattern and Its Determinants for Newly Reported HIV/AIDS Among Older Adults in Eastern China From 2004 to 2021: Retrospective Analysis Study

Huang, Gang; Cheng, Wei; Xu, Yun; Yang, Jiezhe; Jiang, Jun; Pan, Xiaohong; Zhou, Xin; Jiang, Jianmin; Chai, Chengliang

doi:10.2196/51172

JMIR Public Health Surveill

2024

DOI: 10.2196/51172

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Spatiotemporal Pattern and Its Determinants for Newly Reported HIV/AIDS Among Older Adults in Eastern China From 2004 to 2021: Retrospective Analysis Study

Gang Huang,

Wei Cheng,

Yun Xu

et al.

Abstract: Background In recent years, the number and proportion of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases among older adults have increased dramatically. However, research on the pattern of temporal and spatial changes in newly reported HIV/AIDS among older adults remains limited. Objective This study analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of HIV/AIDS cases and its influencing factors among older adults in Eastern China from 2004 to 2021, with the goal of improvin… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

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Transmission Network and Phylogenetic Analysis Highlight the Role of Suburban Population in HIV‐1 Transmission Among Older Adults in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China

Li,

Shi,

Shi

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Describing the transmission characteristics among older adults is essential for designing tailored interventions. An epidemiological investigation combined with phylogenetic analysis was conducted to reveal potential transmission linkages among older adults in Nanjing. Between 2018 and 2022, 188 pol sequences were successfully amplified. Multiple genotypes were identified, including CRF07_BC (55.3%), CRF01_AE (30.3%), CRF08_BC (8.0%), B (3.2%), CRF55_01B (1.1%), CRF67_01B (0.5%), CRF68_01B (0.5%), and unique recombinant forms (URF) (1.1%). Transmission network analysis identified 120 genetically linked patients forming 23 clusters, ranging from 2 to 26 individuals. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that compared with farmers and heterosexuals, patients with other occupations (OR = 0.404, 95% CI: 0.173−0.945) and MSM (OR = 0.193, 95% CI: 0.050−0.738) were less likely to have high linkage. Subjects who lived in suburban areas were more likely to have high linkage (OR = 10.932, 95% CI: 3.335−35.830). The Sankey diagram suggested that patients living in suburban areas primarily transmitted the disease within the local district (χ2 = 24.192, p < 0.001). Among the 188 pol sequences, the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance was 8%. In suburban areas with a rising HIV‐1 epidemic, improving early detection and timely treatment is critical. More tailored interventions for this subgroup are urgently needed.

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Transmission Network and Phylogenetic Analysis Highlight the Role of Suburban Population in HIV‐1 Transmission Among Older Adults in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China

Li,

Shi,

Shi

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Combining molecular transmission network analysis and spatial epidemiology to reveal HIV-1 transmission pattern among the older people in Nanjing, China

Xu,

Jiang,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Virol J

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Background In China, the problem of HIV infection among the older people has become increasingly prominent. This study aimed to analyze the pattern and influencing factors of HIV transmission based on a genomic and spatial epidemiological analysis among this population. Methods A total of 432 older people who were aged ≥ 50 years, newly diagnosed with HIV-1 between January 2018 and December 2021 and without a history of ART were enrolled. HIV-1 pol gene sequence was obtained by viral RNA extraction and nested PCR. The molecular transmission network was constructed using HIV-TRACE and the spatial distribution analyses were performed in ArcGIS. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors associated with clustering. Results A total of 382 sequences were successfully sequenced, of which CRF07_BC (52.3%), CRF01_AE (32.5%), and CRF08_BC (6.8%) were the main HIV-1 strains. A total of 176 sequences entered the molecular network, with a clustering rate of 46.1%. Impressively, the clustering rate among older people infected through commercial heterosexual contact was as high as 61.7% and three female sex workers (FSWs) were observed in the network. The individuals who were aged ≥ 60 years and transmitted the virus by commercial heterosexual contact had a higher clustering rate, while those who were retirees or engaged other occupations and with higher education degree were less likely to cluster. There was a positive spatial correlation of clustering rate (Global Moran I = 0.206, P < 0.001) at the town level and the highly aggregated regions were mainly distributed in rural area. We determined three large clusters which mainly spread in the intra-region of certain towns in rural areas. Notably, 54.5% of cases in large clusters were transmitted through commercial heterosexual contact. Conclusions Our joint analysis of molecular and spatial epidemiology effectively revealed the spatial aggregation of HIV transmission and highlighted that towns of high aggregation were mainly located in rural area. Also, we found vital role of commercial heterosexual contact in HIV transmission among older people. Therefore, health resources should be directed towards highly aggregated rural areas and prevention strategy should take critical persons as entry points. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-024-02493-w.

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Spatiotemporal Changes and Influencing Factors of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Guangzhou, China, From 2013 to 2022: Retrospective Analysis

Liu,

Wang,

Zhong

et al. 2024

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background In the past 10 years, the number of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases reported in Guangzhou, China, has averaged about 60,000 per year. It is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis to understand the epidemiological pattern and related influencing factors of HFMD in this region. Objective This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of HFMD cases in Guangzhou from 2013 to 2022 and explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors and HFMD incidence. Methods The data of HFMD cases in Guangzhou come from the Infectious Disease Information Management System of the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Spatial analysis and space-time scan statistics were used to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution of HFMD cases. Multifactor ordinary minimum regression model, geographically weighted regression, and geographically and temporally weighted regression were used to analyze the influencing factors, including population, economy, education, and medical care. Results From 2013 to 2022, a total of 599,353 HFMD cases were reported in Guangzhou, with an average annual incidence rate of 403.62/100,000. Children aged 5 years and younger accounted for 93.64% (561,218/599,353) of all cases. HFMD cases showed obvious bimodal distribution characteristics, with the peak period from May to July and the secondary peak period from August to October. HFMDs in Guangzhou exhibited a spatial aggregation trend, with the central urban area showing a pattern of low-low aggregation and the peripheral urban area demonstrating high-high aggregation. High-risk areas showed a dynamic trend of shifting from the west to the east of peripheral urban areas, with coverage first increasing and then decreasing. The geographically and temporally weighted regression model results indicated that population density (β=−0.016) and average annual income of employees (β=−0.007) were protective factors for HFMD incidence, while the average number of students in each primary school (β=1.416) and kindergarten (β=0.412) was a risk factor. Conclusions HFMD cases in Guangzhou were mainly infants and young children, and there were obvious differences in time and space. HFMD is highly prevalent in summer and autumn, and peripheral urban areas were identified as high-risk areas. Improving the economic level of peripheral urban areas and reducing the number of students in preschool education institutions are key strategies to controlling HFMD.

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Spatiotemporal Pattern and Its Determinants for Newly Reported HIV/AIDS Among Older Adults in Eastern China From 2004 to 2021: Retrospective Analysis Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Transmission Network and Phylogenetic Analysis Highlight the Role of Suburban Population in HIV‐1 Transmission Among Older Adults in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China

Transmission Network and Phylogenetic Analysis Highlight the Role of Suburban Population in HIV‐1 Transmission Among Older Adults in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China

Combining molecular transmission network analysis and spatial epidemiology to reveal HIV-1 transmission pattern among the older people in Nanjing, China

Spatiotemporal Changes and Influencing Factors of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Guangzhou, China, From 2013 to 2022: Retrospective Analysis

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