Spatiotemporal patterns and vegetation forecasting of sunflower hybrids in soil and climatic conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe zone

Abstract

Long-term studies of tillage and crop management are essential in finding out which crop production practices would contribute to sustainable yields and profits. In the conditions of climate change, such issues as selection, forecasting and adjustment of crop cultivation systems in the zone of moisture deficit and agricultural risk management are especially relevant. Therefore, the aim of the study was to establish spatiotemporal patterns of vegetative development of sunflower hybrids and predict their productivity in the soil and climatic conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe. A detailed analysis of seasonal changes in the values of the normalized difference vegetation index in sunflower hybrid crops during the 2019-2021 time period was carried out with the help of space images from the Sentinel 2 satellite device, and then processed with the ArcGis 10.6 licensed software product. The credibility of the achieved results of the condition of crops in different phases of plant vegetation on the basis of NDVI and the possibility of their use for forecasting the yield of agricultural crops have been proven. The adjustment capabilities of various sunflower hybrids to the STeppe soil and climate conditions were determined, particularly in regards of such hybrids as Oplot, Hektor, DSL403, P64GE133, 8X477KL. A model of the yield forecasting function for each sunflower hybrid was developed according to the annual level of moisture supply. The level of data approximation of the forecasting models was 97.2-99.9%. It is suggested to use system functional models developed specifically for different moisture supply and plant nutrition conditions in order to forecast of the yield of sunflower hybrids according to a particular situation. The results can be used to improve the methodology of researching the vegetation of agricultural crops, to validate crop rotation, to choose the best practical ways for the use of multifunctional growth-regulating substances, to define the climatic adjustment of cultivars and hybrids, to manage resources, to develop adaptive climate technologies in agriculture and crop production, to calculate their efficiency, to forecast the yield and to ensure the profitability of agricultural production in the moisture deficit zone and managing a high-risk farming

The Impact of Pre-Crops on the Formation of Water Balance in Winter Wheat Agrocenosis and Soil Moisture in the Steppe Zone

“…In particular, the state of productive shoots affecting productivity of plant photosynthetic surface is important at the macro-stages of stem elongation (ВВСН 30-39) and booting (ВВСН 41-49). It was established that after heading (ВВСН [37][38][39], in the flag leaf (ВВСН [31][32][33] and in the ear (ВВСН 59), reserve substances, which are further transported and accumulated in kernel endosperm, are synthesized. The weight of a grain and the weight of 1000 grains depend on efficiency of this physiological process.…”

Mulching as a restoration method of revegetation at ash and slag dumps of Burshtyn TPP

“…The current state of the soil cover, which has undergone large-scale transformational changes due to human activity, requires environmental assessment and monitoring (Pichura et al, 2023). The results of a study of the genetic and geographical features of degradation processes in the soils of Lviv region, as presented by N.M. Lemega (2020), indicate the need to implement comprehensive measures to preserve soil fertility.…”

Agricultural Dependence of the Formation of Water Balance Stability of the Sluch River Basin Under Conditions of Climate Change

“…Maintenance of balanced water use in the agro-landscapes of the river water catchment area must be based on the ratio of precipitation and the volume of water resources necessary for growing agricultural crops (Pichura et al 2023a(Pichura et al , 2023b, with selection of an optimal structure of crop rotation (Domaratskiy et al, 2018a;Tsai et al, 2023;Benini et al, 2023), substantiation of climate-oriented and resource-saving agro-technological practices (Domaratskiy et al, 2018b(Domaratskiy et al, , 2019Korkhova et al, 2023;Skok et al, 2023). Calculation of water footprint (WF) in growing the basic field crops of crop rotation is an efficient instrument for objective evaluation of the volumes of water use and determination of the level of rainwater accumulation in the agro-landscapes of the river water catchment area (Gao et al, 2023;Wen et al, 2023).…”