Special Catalysts and Processes: Sections 3.2.1–3.2.5

Drauz, Karlheinz; Waldmann, Herbert; Sauerbrei, Bernd; Vögtle, E.; Ross, Rachel; Händel, M.; Kragl, Udo; Dreisbach, Claus; Wandrey, C.; Gol'dberg, Yu. Sh.; Alper, Howard; Anwander, Reiner

doi:10.1002/9783527619351.ch3b

Cited by 2 publications

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“…It is normally manufactured by the transesterification of triglyceride with alcohol, also called alcoholysis, in which glycerol in oil is displaced by low chain alcohols. Both the type of alcohol and the fatty acid profile of the oil have an impact on the properties of biodiesel product. , Commercial transesterification processes usually use H 2 SO 4 , HCl, NaOH, or KOH as catalysts. , The homogeneous catalysts often result in many engineering problems such as equipment corrosion and some environmental problems such as the deposit of waste catalysts. Because homogeneous catalysts are mixed with the biodiesel product, the purification of biodiesel becomes very complicated. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported CaO Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil for the Purpose of Biodiesel Production

2007

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Supported CaO/MgO catalysts were used as the catalyst of the transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol. The supported catalyst showed a higher activity than pure CaO and was easily separated from the product mixture. The results of comparative experiments and catalyst characterization, such as XRD, CO2-TPD, BET, and AAS, showed that the activity of CaO catalysts is associated with their alkalinity. The preparation method of this catalyst was optimized, and furthermore, the reaction parameters were investigated. With the CaO/MgO catalyst so obtained, the conversion of rapeseed oil reached 92% at 64.5 °C. The supported basic catalyst was found to be easily contaminated by the gaseous poisons in air, such as O2, CO2, and H2O, and as a result, a thermal treatment was required before the reaction to activate the catalyst.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported CaO Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil for the Purpose of Biodiesel Production

2007

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Highly Efficient “Tight Fit” Immobilization of α‐Chymotrypsin in Mesoporous MCM‐41: A Novel Approach Using Precursor Immobilization and Activation

Fadnavis

Veldurthy

Kantam

et al. 2003

Biotechnology Progress

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The zymogen alpha-chymotrypsinogen A is bound to mesoporous silica MCM-41 with a protein loading of 170 mg/g solid (MCM-Z) by a simple stirring in aqueous tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.2). The bound zymogen is then activated with trypsin to obtain alpha-chymotrypsin immobilized on MCM-41 (MCM-E.I) that displays an effective enzyme activity corresponding to 65 mg protein/g of solid support (3250 BTEE units/g). A direct immobilization of commercially available alpha-chymotrypsin (MCM-E.II) gives lower loading (1250 BTEE units/g). Protein content of the solid support after immobilization is confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The enzyme is tightly bound to the support and can be used over 100 recycles over 1 week in aqueous as well as reverse micellar media. The immobilized enzyme (MCM-E.I) has been used for resolution of N-acetyl-dl-amino acid esters and racemic trans-4-methoxy-3-phenylglycidic acid (PGA) methyl ester.

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Special Catalysts and Processes: Sections 3.2.1–3.2.5

Cited by 2 publications

References 603 publications

Supported CaO Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil for the Purpose of Biodiesel Production

Supported CaO Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil for the Purpose of Biodiesel Production

Highly Efficient “Tight Fit” Immobilization of α‐Chymotrypsin in Mesoporous MCM‐41: A Novel Approach Using Precursor Immobilization and Activation

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