Special Issues around Veterinary Vaccines

Adams, L. Garry; Babiuk, Lorne A.; McGavin, D.; Nordgren, Robert

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-369408-9.00016-0

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…After Jenner, Louis Pasteur invented another way to make a vaccine by using live microorganisms. In general, vaccines in veterinary medicine increase production and protect people who work in veterinary medicine [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of Different Types of Adjuvants and Nano-Adjuvants in Veterinary Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review

Nooraei

Lotfabadi

Akbarzadehmoallemkolaei

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Vaccination is the best way to prevent and reduce the damage caused by infectious diseases in animals and humans. So, several vaccines are used for prophylactic purposes before the disease, while therapeutic vaccines strengthen the immune system after infection with the pathogen. Adjuvants are molecules, compounds, or macromolecules that enhance non-specific immunity and, in collaboration with antigen(s), can improve the body’s immune responses and change the type of immune response. The potential and toxicity of adjuvants must be balanced to provide the safest stimulation with the fewest side effects. In order to overcome the limitations of adjuvants and the effective and controlled delivery of antigens, attention has been drawn to nano-carriers that can be a promising platform for better presenting and stimulating the immune system. Some studies show that nanoparticles have a more remarkable ability to act as adjuvants than microparticles. Because nano-adjuvants inactively target antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and change their chemical surface, nanoparticles also perform better in targeted antigen delivery because they cross biological barriers more easily. We collected and reviewed various types of nano-adjuvants with their specific roles in immunogenicity as a prominent strategy used in veterinary vaccines in this paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of Different Types of Adjuvants and Nano-Adjuvants in Veterinary Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review

Nooraei

Lotfabadi

Akbarzadehmoallemkolaei

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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“…One of the possible explanations for the low IFN-␥ responses of the calves in the group Vac8w could be the change in the feeding schedule, with milk being replaced with pellets and hay at a time coinciding with the first vaccination. Thus, a change in the feeding pattern with resulting dietary stress (16,33) could have modulated the IFN-␥ responses following primary vaccination for the group Vac8w calves, and such dietary changes should be taken into account when vaccine experiments involving young animals are designed. In addition, the responsiveness of the young cattle in the IFN-␥ assay to mycobacterial infections has also been associated with NK cells (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Responses after Immunization of Calves with a Recombinant Multiantigenic Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Subunit Vaccine at Different Ages

Thakur

Aagaard

Stockmarr

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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cNeonates and juvenile ruminants are very susceptible to paratuberculosis infection. This is likely due to a high degree of exposure from their dams and an immature immune system. To test the influence of age on vaccine-induced responses, a cocktail of recombinant Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins (MAP0217, MAP1508, MAP3701c, MAP3783, and MAP1609c/Ag85B) was formulated in a cationic liposome adjuvant (CAF01) and used to vaccinate animals of different ages. Male jersey calves were divided into three groups that were vaccinated at 2, 8, or 16 weeks of age and boosted twice at weeks 4 and 12 relative to the first vaccination. Vaccine-induced immune responses, the gamma interferon (IFN-␥) cytokine secretion and antibody responses, were followed for 20 weeks. In general, the specific responses were significantly elevated in all three vaccination groups after the first booster vaccination with no or only a minor effect from the second booster. However, significant differences were observed in the immunogenicity levels of the different proteins, and it appears that the older age group produced a more consistent IFN-␥ response. In contrast, the humoral immune response is seemingly independent of vaccination age as we found no difference in the IgG1 responses when we compared the three vaccination groups. Combined, our results suggest that an appropriate age of vaccination should be considered in vaccination protocols and that there is a possible interference of vaccine-induced immune responses with weaning (week 8).

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“…Vaccines, on the other hand, are considered safe and are acceptable to both users and consumers. New vaccine technologies and adjuvant development are further improving food safety by ensuring that these leave no residues in food ( Parker et al, 2009; Adams et al, 2009 ). As no chemical residues are passed onto pasture, vaccines are also considered environmentally friendly.…”

Section: Parasitic Diseases Impact Hugely On the Animal Production Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasciola hepatica vaccine: We may not be there yet but we’re on the right road

Molina-Hernández

Mulcahy

Pérez

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

151

133

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Major advances have been made in identifying potential vaccine molecules for the control of fasciolosis in livestock but we have yet to reach the level of efficacy required for commercialisation. The pathogenesis of fasciolosis is associated with liver damage that is inflicted by migrating and feeding immature flukes as well as host inflammatory immune responses to parasite-secreted molecules and tissue damage alarm signals. Immune suppression/modulation by the parasites prevents the development of protective immune responses as evidenced by the lack of immunity observed in naturally and experimentally infected animals. In our opinion, future efforts need to focus on understanding how parasites invade and penetrate the tissues of their hosts and how they potentiate and control the ensuing immune responses, particularly in the first days of infection. Emerging ‘omics’ data employed in an unbiased approach are helping us understand liver fluke biology and, in parallel with new immunological data, to identify molecules that are essential to parasite development and accessible to vaccine-induced immune responses.

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Special Issues around Veterinary Vaccines

Cited by 6 publications

References 173 publications

Immunogenicity of Different Types of Adjuvants and Nano-Adjuvants in Veterinary Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review

Immunogenicity of Different Types of Adjuvants and Nano-Adjuvants in Veterinary Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review

Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Responses after Immunization of Calves with a Recombinant Multiantigenic Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Subunit Vaccine at Different Ages

Fasciola hepatica vaccine: We may not be there yet but we’re on the right road

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