Specialized tablets: ancient history to modern developments

Advankar, Ashika; Maheshwari, Rahul; Tambe, Vishakha; Todke, Pooja; Raval, Nidhi; Kapoor, Devesh; Tekade, Rakesh K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814487-9.00013-2

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Formulations with effervescence generally contain an alkaline agent (e.g., sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate) and an acid that is capable of inducing the effervescence reaction during the dissolution [ 87 ]. The carbonic acid produced from the chemical reaction could decrease the pH M and rapidly convert to water and carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Microenvironmental Ph (Ph M ) Modificatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microenvironmental pH Modification in Buccal/Sublingual Dosage Forms for Systemic Drug Delivery

He¹,

2023

Pharmaceutics

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Many drug candidates are poorly water-soluble. Microenvironmental pH (pHM) modification in buccal/sublingual dosage forms has attracted increasing interest as a promising pharmaceutical strategy to enhance the oral mucosal absorption of drugs with pH-dependent solubility. Optimizing drug absorption at the oral mucosa using pHM modification is considered to be a compromise between drug solubility and drug lipophilicity (Log D)/permeation. To create a desired pHM around formulations during the dissolution process, a suitable amount of pH modifiers should be added in the formulations, and the appropriate methods of pHM measurement are required. Despite pHM modification having been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing the oral mucosal absorption of drugs, some potential risks, such as oral mucosal irritation and teeth erosion caused by the pH modifiers, should not been neglected during the formulation design process. This review aims to provide a short introduction to the pHM modification concept in buccal/sublingual dosage forms, the properties of saliva related to pHM modification, as well as suitable drug candidates and pH modifiers for pHM modifying buccal/sublingual formulations. Additionally, the methods of pHM measurement, pHM modification methods and the corresponding challenges are summarized in the present review.

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Section: Microenvironmental Ph (Ph M ) Modificatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microenvironmental pH Modification in Buccal/Sublingual Dosage Forms for Systemic Drug Delivery

He¹,

2023

Pharmaceutics

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“…The sphere-shaped grains of SSG, which is usually used as superdisintegrant, might affect the physical properties of the directly compressed tablets, specifically the hardness and friability. [37][38][39] For friability only (F1, F2, F9, F16) passed the friability test, which might be due to their composition (MCC, NaCMC, HPMC) as those polymers had the properties of acting as a binder that provided granules with good compressibility, forming tough tablets of moderate strength. [40][41][42] DZ and TM drug content ranged from 94 to 109%, which meets USP requirements.…”

Section: Physical Characterization Of the Mini-tabletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Instantly-soluble Solid Eye Drop for Glaucomatous Patients

Hameed¹,

Al-Shohani²

2023

IJDDT

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For the treatment of glaucoma eye drops are chronically used. However, chronic use of preservatives in eye drops cause irritation problem and aff ects ocular tissues. The aim is to formulate an instant soluble solid eye drop to avoid using preservatives since solid dosage forms do not require preservation. Ocular mini-tablets of dorzolamide hydrochloride (DZ) and timolol maleate (TM) were prepared by direct compression using diff erent polymers and were evaluated for their physical properties. The release DZ and TM was compared to COSOPT eye drops. Formulation F2 mini-tablets (which contain DZ, TM, mannitol and microcrystalline cellulose MCC) were chosen as the optimum formula because they had uniform shape and minimum variation in weight 9.69 ± 0.55 mg. Thickness and diameter were 1.38 ± 1.28 and 3.01 ± 0.03 mm, respectively, within the acceptable limits. Hardness and friability were also within the permissable range which were 4.14 ± 0.22 kg/cm2 for hardness and 0.73% ± 0.05 for friability. The drug content for both DZ and TM were within the acceptable limits and the release had no signifi cant diff erence (p > 0.05) compared to commercial eye drop and the mini-tablets dissolved completely with less than one minute. The FTIR and DSC revealed no interaction between the drugs and excipients used. Sterilization using gamma radiation was performed to test the animal’s mini-tablets. The radiation did not signifi cantly (p > 0.05) alter any properties of F2 and no signs of irritation on the animal eye appeared. In conclusion, instant soluble solid eye drop in the form of mini-tablet was successfully prepared by direct compression method and caused no irritation when tested on animals

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“…Pada umumnya formulasi tablet effervescent mencakup bahan yang mampu melepaskan gas CO2 (natrium karbonat dan natrium bikarbonat) dan suatu bahan yang mendukung pelepasan gas karbondioksida (asam adipat, asam malat, asam tartrat, asam askorbat, asam fumarate, asam maleat, asam suksinat, atau asam sitrat). Bahan aktif terdapat pada campuran granul effervescent, atau apabila kelarutan zat aktifnya rendah, dapat dikonversi menjadi bentuk garamnya selama proses disolusi (11).…”

Section: Metode Pembuatanunclassified

Review Waktu Larut Mempengaruhi Kualitas Tablet Effervescent Sediaan Herbal

Sagala

Rachmawati

Kambira

2021

JFI

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Sediaan tablet effervescent menjadi alternatif pilihan untuk menghantarkan bahan aktif obat baik sintesis maupun yang berasal dari bahan alam agar memberikan efek terapi farmasetika maupun minuman bernutrisi di bidang pangan. Bentuk sediaan ini lebih disukai karena praktis, cepat larut dalam air dan rasa menyegarkan sehingga lebih mudah diabsorbsi dibandingkan dengan bentuk sediaan tablet konvensional. Kecepatan dan jumlah bahan aktif yang dapat diabsorbsi dipengaruhi oleh waktu larut tablet dalam medianya. Waktu larut tablet effervescent dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi keseimbangan sumber basa dan asam, konsentrasi bahan pengikat (PVP), interaksi antara asam sitrat dan asam tartrat, konsentrasi sumber basa, kondisi kadar air di sekitar tablet, variasi bahan pelicin. Konsentrasi sumber asam mempengaruhi waktu larut tetapi ketidakseimbangan konsentrasi sumber asam dapat mengurangi efek kesegaran. Sehingga perlu optimalisasi sumber asam dan basa agar menghasilkan sediaan tablet effervescent dengan waktu larut yang baik dan memberikan rasa menyegarkan yang sesuai. Kata kunci: Tablet effervescent; waktu larut; rasa menyegarkan

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Specialized tablets: ancient history to modern developments

Cited by 17 publications

References 81 publications

Microenvironmental pH Modification in Buccal/Sublingual Dosage Forms for Systemic Drug Delivery

Microenvironmental pH Modification in Buccal/Sublingual Dosage Forms for Systemic Drug Delivery

Preparation and Characterization of Instantly-soluble Solid Eye Drop for Glaucomatous Patients

Review Waktu Larut Mempengaruhi Kualitas Tablet Effervescent Sediaan Herbal

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