Specialized transduction in Bacillus subtilis by the phages IG1, IG3, and IG4

Fernandes, Rosa Maria Castilhos; Lencastre, Hermı́nia de; Archer, Luis J.

doi:10.1007/bf01311124

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Illegitimate recombination depends on the local density of repeats [30], with the consequence that specialized transduction rates may be very susceptible to the chromosomal context of the prophage. Specialized transduction occurs at very low frequency in (10 -6 relative to normal excision [31]), and has been described in few other phages (e.g., [32,33]). Even though quantitative data is lacking, it is usually thought that most transducing phages are defective in certain functions.…”

Section: Specialized Transductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Embracing the enemy: the diversification of microbial gene repertoires by phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer

Touchon

Sousa

Rocha

2017

Current Opinion in Microbiology

247

191

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Bacteriophages and archaeal viruses contribute, through lysogenic conversion or transduction, to the horizontal transfer of genetic material between microbial genomes. Recent genomics, metagenomics, and single cell studies have shown that lysogenic conversion is widespread and provides hosts with adaptive traits often associated with biotic interactions. The quantification of the evolutionary impact of transduction has lagged behind and requires further theoretical and experimental work. Nevertheless, recent studies suggested that generalized transduction plays a role in the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes and in the acquisition of novel genes during intra-specific bacterial competition. The characteristics of transduction and lysogenic conversion complement those of other mechanisms of transfer, and could play a key role in the spread of adaptive genes between communities.

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Section: Specialized Transductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Embracing the enemy: the diversification of microbial gene repertoires by phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer

Touchon

Sousa

Rocha

2017

Current Opinion in Microbiology

247

191

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“…When establishing lysogeny, a long-term relationship between the host bacterium and the phage in its prophage form, SPβ-related phages preferably integrate at the replication terminus of the bacterial chromosome [ 5 , 28 , 83 , 84 ]. The phage attachment site sequence ( attP ) for SPβ has been identified [ 52 ].…”

Section: Establishing Lysogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

The life cycle of SPβ and related phages

Kohm

Hertel

2021

Arch Virol

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Phages are viruses of bacteria and are the smallest and most common biological entities in the environment. They can reproduce immediately after infection or integrate as a prophage into their host genome. SPβ is a prophage of the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis 168, and it has been known for more than 50 years. It is sensitive to dsDNA damage and is induced through exposure to mitomycin C or UV radiation. When induced from the prophage, SPβ requires 90 min to produce and release about 30 virions. Genomes of sequenced related strains range between 128 and 140 kb, and particle-packed dsDNA exhibits terminal redundancy. Formed particles are of the Siphoviridae morphotype. Related isolates are known to infect other B.subtilis clade members. When infecting a new host, SPβ presumably follows a two-step strategy, adsorbing primarily to teichoic acid and secondarily to a yet unknown factor. Once in the host, SPβ-related phages pass through complex lysis–lysogeny decisions and either enter a lytic cycle or integrate as a dormant prophage. As prophages, SPβ-related phages integrate at the host chromosome's replication terminus, and frequently into the spsM or kamA gene. As a prophage, it imparts additional properties to its host via phage-encoded proteins. The most notable of these functional proteins is sublancin 168, which is used as a molecular weapon by the host and ensures prophage maintenance. In this review, we summarise the existing knowledge about the biology of the phage regarding its life cycle and discuss its potential as a research object.

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“…Second, viruses increase host genetic diversity via the reciprocal co-evolution of host resistance and viral infectivity (Buckling and Rainey 2002a). Lastly, viruses affect the genomic evolution and the fitness of microbial hosts through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) including the presence and movement of auxiliary metabolic genes (Breitbart et al 2007;Hurwitz and U'Ren 2016), generalized transduction during lytic infection (Thierauf et al 2009;Touchon et al 2017), and specialized transduction during lysogenic infection (Gottesman and Yarmolinsky 1968;Fernandes et al 1989;Campos et al 2003;Touchon et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Nature of the Aquatic Ecosystems

Morimoto

Tominaga

Takebe

et al. 2022

The Biological Role of a Virus

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Viruses infecting microorganisms are ubiquitous and highly abundant in aquatic environments. They considerably affect the dynamics, diversity, and evolution of their host microorganisms. In this review, we discuss the ecological implications of viruses from the perspectives of the biogeochemical cycles, microbial diversity, and virus-host coevolutionary dynamics in aquatic environments. Generally, viruses redirect host metabolism toward reproduction through molecular host-virus interactions characterized by the compositional and stoichiometric changes in intracellular metabolites, which are eventually released into the environment when the infected host cells are lysed, thus also changing the chemical composition of the water. Therefore, the modulation of metabolite biosynthesis and promotion of their recycling are major viral functions. Viruses also maintain microbial community diversity via increased infection and lysis rates of the dominant taxa and genotypes in a frequency-dependent manner, thereby allowing the co-existence of members with various competitive abilities. Finally, viruses can expand their own genotypic diversity and that of the host through complex defense and counter-defense interactions, including loss of host fitness due to the cost of resistance and the possible need for antiviral defense-specific (e.g., intra-vs. extracellular) changes in the hosts genome diversification. Continuous interactions drive 3 the coevolution of hosts and viruses, thereby increasing both the host and viral micro-diversity. Hence, these fundamental functions are viral "raison d'etre" and are essential for the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and its components.

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Specialized transduction in Bacillus subtilis by the phages IG1, IG3, and IG4

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Embracing the enemy: the diversification of microbial gene repertoires by phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer

Embracing the enemy: the diversification of microbial gene repertoires by phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer

The life cycle of SPβ and related phages

Viral Nature of the Aquatic Ecosystems

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