Speciation of phenyltin(IV) compounds using high‐performance liquid chromatography: Part 1. The direct analysis of mixed standard solutions of tetraphenyltin, triphenyltin chloride, triphenyltin hydroxide and triphenyltin acetate

Abstract

A rapid speciation high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of phenyltin compounds. The commercially important products of triphenyltin‐chloride, ‐acetate, ‐hydroxide and tetraphenyltin were separated by reversed‐phase HPLC on a Waters Spherisorb S5W ODS‐2 (octadecylsilica) column using an isocratic mixture of 90:10 (v/v) acetonitrile:water as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml min−1. The phenyltin compounds were detected by UV detection at 254 nm and the total elution time is 8 min. The elution order is triphenyltin‐chloride, ‐acetate, ‐hydroxide and tetraphenyltin. Detection limits were 0.01 ppm for each of the triphenyltin compounds and 0.02 ppm for tetraphenyltin. Spiked water samples containing the three biocidal triphenyltin compounds could also be analysed simultaneously by the above method without the need for any prior derivatization, following extraction with toluene. The versatility of the method in sensing substituent group variations on the phenyl ring was also demonstrated by the successful resolution of the hydroxides, tris(p‐chlorophenyl)tin hydroxide, diphenyl(p‐chlorophenyl)tin hydroxide and triphenyltin hydroxide. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Speciation of phenyltin(IV) compounds using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Part 2: The direct analysis of mixed standard solutions of triphenyltin halides/pseudohalide and of triphenyltin carboxylates containing functional group variations in the esteryl moiety

“…As with our earlier study 8 involving standard mixtures of Ph 3 SnCl, Ph 3 SnOCOCH 3 , Ph 3 SnOH and Ph 4 Sn, the use of 100% acetonitrile as the mobile phase in the Waters Spherisorb S5W ODS-2 column resulted in co-elution of the halides and pseudohalide mixture, with pronounced tailing displayed by the chloride. Clear separation of the compounds was achieved when water was introduced into the mobile phase, with the retention times decreasing with increasing water content for all the compounds (Table 1).…”

“…We have recently shown 8 that a mixture of tetraphenyltin with the three commercial triphenyltin biocides, Ph 3 SnX (X = Cl, OH, OCOMe) could be well resolved by reversedphase HPLC with UV detection on a Waters Spherisorb S5W ODS-2 (octadecylsilica) column using an isocratic mixture of 90:10 v/v acetonitrile:water as the mobile phase. The method proved not only sensitive (detection limits 0.01±0.02 ppm), but also free of any pre-or post-column derivatization requirements.…”

Development of a Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection Method for the Analysis of Phenyltin Compounds in Environmental Water and Canned Food Samples

“…Therefore, the development of rapid, precise, novel and sensitive analytical methods for the determination of these analytes is of special importance. Till now, numerous chromatographic methods including gas chromatography (GC) [17][18], capillary electrophoresis [19][20], liquid chromatography (LC) or supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with detection method like atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [21][22], atomic emission spectrometry (AES) [23], inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [24][25], electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) [26][27], ultraviolet (UV) [28][29] flame photometric detection (FPD) [30][31] have been successfully developed for the determination of these tin compounds. Due to their low concentration in the environment as well as the presence of numerous matrix interferents that may impact the performance of the analytical instrument, an effective sample preparation technique is inevitable prior to instrumental analysis.…”