Species-dependent partitioning of C and N stable isotopes between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their C3 and C4 hosts

Courty, Pierre‐Emmanuel; Doubková, Pavla; Calabrese, Silvia; Niemann, Helge; Lehmann, Moritz F.; Vosátka, Miroslav; Selosse, Marc‐André

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.005

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Zeller et al (2007) found that their mycelium sample (n = 1) had a d 15 N much lower than the sporophore stipes and gills of an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Others have used spores and fungal fruiting bodies for measuring d 15 N of fungal tissue but there may be some isotopic fractionation during the formation of a fruiting body , Courty et al 2015, hence studies that have used sporocarps or spores for isotopic analysis, rather than fungal mycelium, may see more enrichment. Some have used plant roots as a proxy for AMF tissue (Stackpoole et al 2008), but samples are diluted and influenced by the plant root d 15 N. AMF biomass makes up a relatively small portion of mass compared to root tissue (Ouimette et al 2012), consequently, using root tissue as a proxy for AMF tissue may not be very reflective of AMF d 15 N values, especially when looking for discrimination on the order of 2&.…”

Section: Assumptions and How They Might Affect Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is little research on d 15 N distribution in AMF and their plant hosts (Ouimette et al 2012), as few studies use AMF in isotopic analyses, especially with regard to N cycling and budgeting. There are currently little reference data on 15 N partitioning in AMF and their plant hosts (Courty et al 2015), although there are some examples demonstrating evidence of N availability and AMF affecting plant d 15 N. Craine et al (2012) showed that foliar d 15 N values in the tallgrass prairie were typically associated with soil N availability, with high foliar d 15 N relating to high soil N availability. This trend was observed across many ecosystems and soil types (Craine et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inorganic N addition replaces N supplied to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Jach-Smith

Jackson

2020

Ecological Applications

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide many benefits in agroecosystems including improved soil tilth, carbon sequestration, and water and nutrient transfer to plants. AMF are known to affect plant nitrogen (N) dynamics and transfer N to plants, but there have been few studies addressing whether the amount of N transferred to plants by AMF is agronomically relevant. We used δ15N natural abundance methods and δ15N mass balance equations to estimate the amount of plant N derived from AMF transfer in perennial grasses managed for bioenergy production under different N addition treatments (0, 56, and 196 kg N/ha). Differentiation of δ15N among plant, soil N, and AMF pools was higher than anticipated leading to calculations of 34–55% of plant N transferred by AMF in the treatments receiving no N addition to 6–22% of plant N transferred to plants in high‐N addition treatments. AMF extra‐radical hyphae biomass was significantly reduced in the high‐N (196 kg N/ha) addition treatments, which was negatively correlated to enriched plant δ15N. Our results suggest that N addition decreases AMF N transfer to plants. When N was limiting to plant growth, AMF supplied agronomically significant amounts of plant N, and a higher proportion of overall plant N. Because differentiation between N pools was greater than expected, stable isotope measurements can be used to estimate N transfer to AMF plant hosts.

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Section: Assumptions and How They Might Affect Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic N addition replaces N supplied to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Jach-Smith

Jackson

2020

Ecological Applications

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“…extensive mycelial systems). Whether this is a feature of all mycorrhizal association is unclear as both (Merckx et al (2010) and Courty et al (2015) did not find evidence of such 15 N partitioning in AMF symbioses.…”

Section: Isotopic Enrichment Of 15 N In Waxcap Basidiocarpsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Isotopic evidence of biotrophy and unusual nitrogen nutrition in soil‐dwelling Hygrophoraceae

Halbwachs

Easton

Bol

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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Several lines of evidence suggest that the agaricoid, non-ectomycorrhizal members of the family Hygrophoraceae (waxcaps) are biotrophic with unusual nitrogen nutrition. However, methods for the axenic culture and lab-based study of these organisms remain to be developed, so our current knowledge is limited to field-based investigations. Addition of nitrogen, lime or organophosphate pesticide at an experimental field site (Sourhope) suppressed fruiting of waxcap basidiocarps. Furthermore, stable isotope natural abundance in basidiocarps were unusually high in N and low in C, the latter consistent with mycorrhizal nutritional status. Similar patterns were found in waxcap basidiocarps from diverse habitats across four continents. Additional data from C analysis of basidiocarps and C pulse label experiments suggest that these fungi are not saprotrophs but rather biotrophic endophytes and possibly mycorrhizal. The consistently high but variable δ N values (10-20‰) of basidiocarps further indicate that N acquisition or processing differ from other fungi; we suggest that N may be derived from acquisition of N via soil fauna high in the food chain.

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“…An estimation of the frequency of mixotrophy based on mycorrhizal networks is limited by the fact that more than 80% of plant species are mycorrhizal with Glomeromycota that do not greatly differ in 13 C abundance from autotrophic plants (Courty et al . ), which hitherto has limited the detection of mixotrophy by natural isotopic abundance (Box 2). In this context, labelling experiments can demonstrate mixotrophy (Bolin et al .…”

Section: Mixotrophy In Terrestrial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixotrophy everywhere on land and in water: thegrand écarthypothesis

2016

Self Cite

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There is increasing awareness that many terrestrial and aquatic organisms are not strictly heterotrophic or autotrophic but rather mixotrophic. Mixotrophy is an intermediate nutritional strategy, merging autotrophy and heterotrophy to acquire organic carbon and/or other elements, mainly N, P or Fe. We show that both terrestrial and aquatic mixotrophs fall into three categories, namely necrotrophic (where autotrophs prey on other organisms), biotrophic (where heterotrophs gain autotrophy by symbiosis) and absorbotrophic (where autotrophs take up environmental organic molecules). Here we discuss their physiological and ecological relevance since mixotrophy is found in virtually every ecosystem and occurs across the whole eukaryotic phylogeny, suggesting an evolutionary pressure towards mixotrophy. Ecosystem dynamics tend to separate light from non-carbon nutrients (N and P resources): the biological pump and water stratification in aquatic ecosystems deplete non-carbon nutrients from the photic zone, while terrestrial plant successions create a canopy layer with light but devoid of non-carbon soil nutrients. In both aquatic and terrestrial environments organisms face a grand ecart (dancer's splits, i.e., the need to reconcile two opposing needs) between optimal conditions for photosynthesis vs. gain of non-carbon elements. We suggest that mixotrophy allows adaptation of organisms to such ubiquist environmental gradients, ultimately explaining why mixotrophic strategies are widespread.

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Species-dependent partitioning of C and N stable isotopes between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their C3 and C4 hosts

Cited by 20 publications

References 49 publications

Inorganic N addition replaces N supplied to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Inorganic N addition replaces N supplied to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Isotopic evidence of biotrophy and unusual nitrogen nutrition in soil‐dwelling Hygrophoraceae

Mixotrophy everywhere on land and in water: thegrand écarthypothesis

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