Specific antibody levels in the aqueous humor and serum of two distinct populations of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis

Garweg, Justus G.; Ventura, Annavera; Halberstadt, Markus; Silveira, Cássio; Muccioli, Cristina; Belfort, Rubens; Jacquier, P

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2005.03.005

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This is well in the range of our and published experience from other fields, namely antibody investigations in uveitis (Garweg et al. ). Clearly, any minimal impact onto the uveovascular barrier would be expected to have a major impact on cytokine concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Cytokine concentrations in the blood in ten of our patients were about 500-times higher than in the vitreous of eyes with retinal detachment (data not shown). This is well in the range of our and published experience from other fields, namely antibody investigations in uveitis (Garweg et al 2005). Clearly, any minimal impact onto the uveovascular barrier would be expected to have a major impact on cytokine concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Cytokine profiles of phakic and pseudophakic eyes with primary retinal detachment

Garweg

Zandi

Pfister

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose To compare the cytokine profiles of phakic (p) and pseudophakic (ps) eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ( RD ) to eyes with macular holes ( MH ) and to identify differences in the specific cytokine profiles. Methods Aqueous humour ( AH ) and vitreous fluid ( VF ) were obtained from patients with primary RD without proliferative vitreoretinopathy undergoing vitrectomy. AH and VF of patients with macular holes ( MH ) served as controls. Forty‐three different cytokines were quantified using multiplex cytokine analysis. Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were performed. To control for multiple comparisons, Holm's correction was applied. Results VF and AH samples of 71 eyes with RD ( pRD N = 38; ps RD N = 33) and 26 eyes with MH were included. Cytokine levels in ps RD and pRD were similar (none with >10‐fold difference). The levels of 39 of 43 cytokines in the VF were significantly higher in eyes with RD than in those with MH (>10‐fold: CXLC 5, CCL 26, CCL 1, IL ‐6, CXCL 11, CCL 7, CCL 13, MIG / CXCL 9, CCL 19 and TGF ‐ β 1). In the AH , 23 of 43 cytokines were significantly higher compared to MH (>10‐fold: CXCL 5, IL ‐4, IL ‐6, IL ‐8/ CXCL 8 and CCL 7). Conclusion A complex, but nonspecific cytokine environmental response seems to initiate immunological and profibrotic processes following RD . Relevant differences in the cytokine profiles of eyes with pRD and ps RD were not identified, whereas cytokine differences between AH and VF in RD could be explained by upregulation in the vitreous, a higher turn around in the anterior chamber, or differences in inflammatory cascades in both compartments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Cytokine profiles of phakic and pseudophakic eyes with primary retinal detachment

Garweg

Zandi

Pfister

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Although the concentration of total (viz., Toxoplasma -specific and unspecific) IgG in the serum did not differ significantly between the two groups, the level of total IgG in the aqueous humor was markedly higher in the Brazilian than in the Swiss patients [41]. This phenomenon may reflect the degree of breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier [42, 43].…”

Section: Relevance Of An Intact Blood-retinal Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Approach to Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Garweg

Groot-Mijnes

Montoya

2011

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation

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Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is deemed a local event, which may fail to evoke a detectable systemic immune response. A correct diagnosis of the disease is a necessary basis for estimating its clinical burden. This is not so difficult in a typical clinical picture. In atypical cases, further diagnostic efforts are to be installed. Although the aqueous humor may be analyzed for specific antibodies or the presence of parasitic DNA, the DNA burden therein is low, and in rare instances a confirmation would necessitate vitreous sampling. A laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis is frustrated by individual differences in the time elapsing between clinical symptoms and activation of specific antibody production, which may result in false negatives. In congenital ocular toxoplasmosis, a delay in the onset of specific local antibody production could reflect immune tolerance. Herein, the authors attempt to provide a simple and practicable algorithm for a clinically tailored diagnostic approach in atypical instances.

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“…Tissue destruction is attributable to both the proliferation of T. gondii and the inflammatory response, but the relative importance of each factor may vary between hosts [3]. Variability in the clinical presentation and severity of disease in susceptible patients has been attributed to several factors, including the genetic heterogeneity of the host [4], the geographic location, the time of infection, and the particular genotype of the parasite responsible for the infection [5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pattern of Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis in a Spanish Referral Center

et al. 2013

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Background/Aims: To analyze the clinical pattern of ocular toxoplasmosis in a referral center in Spain. Methods: The medical records of consecutive patients with ocular toxoplasmosis admitted from a single referral center for uveitis in Barcelona (Spain) were retrospectively analyzed between January 2005 and January 2011. Results: One hundred and thirteen eyes from 113 patients (74 Spanish and 39 South American) with active ocular toxoplasmosis were analyzed with a 12-month follow-up. Final BCVA ≤20/200 was found in 30 eyes (26.5%). The most frequent complications were macular edema (16.8%) and epiretinal membrane (11.5%). Anterior chamber cell scores of ≥2+ (p = 0.003), vitreous cell scores of ≥2+ (p = 0.001), and the presence of cataracts (p = 0.047) or serous retinal detachment (p = 0.008) were more common among the South American than Spanish cohort. Active macular lesions (p < 0.001) with an initial BCVA ≤20/200 (p < 0.001) and advanced age (p = 0.019) were predictors for final BCVA ≤20/200, whereas female gender (p = 0.021) and an initial BCVA ≤20/200 (p = 0.045) were predictors for ocular complications. Moreover, a BCVA ≤20/200 (p < 0.001) and a vitreous cell score of ≥2+ (p = 0.045) at the initial examination were predictors of an eventual need for ocular surgery. Conclusion: The clinical features of ocular toxoplasmosis in Spanish patients differ from those of South American patients. In general, active macular lesions with an initial BCVA ≤20/200 and advanced age were shown to be predictors for final BCVA ≤20/200 in our patient cohort.

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Specific antibody levels in the aqueous humor and serum of two distinct populations of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Cytokine profiles of phakic and pseudophakic eyes with primary retinal detachment

Cytokine profiles of phakic and pseudophakic eyes with primary retinal detachment

Diagnostic Approach to Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Clinical Pattern of Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis in a Spanish Referral Center

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