Specimen size effect in the volumetric shrinkage of cancellous bone measured at two levels of dehydration

Lievers, W. Brent; Lee, Victoria; Arsenault, Simon M.; Waldman, Stephen D.; Pilkey, A.K.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.09.002

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The measurement of bone tissue density (BTD) for the whole bone was performed with a helium gas pycnometer (AccuPyc 1330; Micromeritics, USA) as described previously (10,17,26).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bentonite diminishes DON-induced changes in bone development in mink dams

Tomaszewska

Muszyński

Dobrowolski

et al. 2016

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of deoxynivalenol (DON), given alone or with bentonite (which eliminates mycotoxicity) in the diet of mink dams throughout mating, pregnancy, and lactation period to pelt harvesting, on the mechanical properties and geometry of their long bones. Material and Methods: The minks were randomly assigned into two groups: a control group (not supplemented with DON, n = 15) and a group fed naturally DON-contaminated wheat and divided into three sub-groups (each sub-group n = 15), depending on bentonite dose: 0 M -sub-group fed naturally DONcontaminated wheat at a concentration of 3.7 mg kg -1 alone; 2 M -sub-group fed naturally DON-contaminated wheat at a concentration of 3.7 mg kg -1 and bentonite at a concentration of 2 kg 1000 kg -1 ; 0.5 M -sub-group fed naturally DONcontaminated wheat at a concentration of 3.7 mg kg -1 and bentonite at a concentration of 0.5 kg 1000 kg -1 . Results: The DON treatment reduced the length of the femur compared to the control group and reduced the bone weight dependently on the amount of bentonite supplementation. However, DON treatment reduced the MRWT and CI of the femur, irrespective of the bentonite supplementation, compared to the control. The total BTD and BMC decreased in all DON-treated groups (irrespective of the bentonite supplementation). Furthermore, the densitometric analysis showed that the main changes in BMD and BMC indicated bone loss in the proximal and distal parts of bone covering the trabecular bone; whereas when bentonite was given at the dose of 2 kg 1000 kg -1 an increase in the whole BMD and BMC was observed in the femoral midshaft. Conclusion: Analysis of the geometrical parameters seems to indicate that endosteal resorption was delayed after bentonite supplementation. The addition of bentonite diminished the DON action on bone homeostasis in the mink dams. Thus bentonite could prevent DON-induced bone loss in a dose-dependent manner.

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“…The measurement of bone tissue density (BTD) for the whole bone was performed with a helium gas pycnometer (AccuPyc 1330; Micromeritics, USA) as described previously (10,17,26).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bentonite diminishes DON-induced changes in bone development in mink dams

Tomaszewska

Muszyński

Dobrowolski

et al. 2016

Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…Helium is a small molecule that fills spaces as small as bone canaliculi (Lievers et al 2007), and therefore infiltrates both small (interstitial) and large (pneumatic) spaces within the bones. The density of each bone was calculated by dividing bone mass by bone volume.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone density and the lightweight skeletons of birds

2010

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The skeletons of birds are universally described as lightweight as a result of selection for minimizing the energy required for flight. From a functional perspective, the weight (mass) of an animal relative to its lift-generating surfaces is a key determinant of the metabolic cost of flight. The evolution of birds has been characterized by many weight-saving adaptations that are reflected in bone shape, many of which strengthen and stiffen the skeleton. Although largely unstudied in birds, the material properties of bone tissue can also contribute to bone strength and stiffness. In this study, I calculated the density of the cranium, humerus and femur in passerine birds, rodents and bats by measuring bone mass and volume using helium displacement. I found that, on average, these bones are densest in birds, followed closely by bats. As bone density increases, so do bone stiffness and strength. Both of these optimization criteria are used in the design of strong and stiff, but lightweight, manmade airframes. By analogy, increased bone density in birds and bats may reflect adaptations for maximizing bone strength and stiffness while minimizing bone mass and volume. These data suggest that both bone shape and the material properties of bone tissue have played important roles in the evolution of flight. They also reconcile the conundrum of how bird skeletons can appear to be thin and delicate, yet contribute just as much to total body mass as do the skeletons of terrestrial mammals.

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“…In the absence of structural changes, the resulting increase in apparent modulus is expected to be proportional to the increase in the tissue modulus [34]. However, Lievers et al [20] recently reported a reduction in bone volume fraction (BV/TV) of approximately 16% in bovine cancellous bone dehydrated at room temperature. Given the power-law relationship between apparent modulus and bone volume fraction [14], such a decrease would be accompanied by a drop in the apparent elastic modulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%