Spectral and Soil Quality Index for Monitoring Environmental Rehabilitation and Soil Carbon Stock in an Amazonian Sandstone Mine

Abstract

Rehabilitation is the key factor for improving soil quality and soil carbon stock after mining operations. Monitoring is necessary to evaluate the progress of rehabilitation and its success, but the use of repeated field surveys is costly and time-consuming at a large scale. This study aimed to monitor the environmental/soil rehabilitation process of an Amazonian sandstone mine by applying spectral indices for predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and comparing them to soil quality index. The studied area has different chronological rehabilitation stages: initial, intermediate, and advanced with 2, 10, and 12 years of onset rehabilitation activities, respectively. Non-rehabilitated (NR) and two native forest areas (RA) were used as controls. Soil samples were analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological attributes. After determination of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Bare Soil Index, simple regression analysis comparing these indices with SOC stock showed a good fit (R2 = 0.82). Rehabilitated areas presented higher soil quality index (~1.50-fold) and SOC stock (~10.6-fold) than NR; however, they did not differ of RA. The use of spectral indices was effective for monitoring the soil quality in this study, with a positive correlation between the predicted SOC stock and the calculated soil quality index.

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Mimosa acutistipula Success in Amazonian Rehabilitating Minelands

“…A pool of enzymes related to water deprivation, temperature variations, salt stress, and response to metal ions was identified ( Figure 2 B and Figure 3 ), which are considered limiting factors to which native species need to adapt for their establishment in canga [ 3 , 16 , 19 ] or even in rehabilitating minelands [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. These proteins were more abundant in canga .…”

“…Iron ore extraction occurs mainly in open-cast mines, transforming landscapes and altering soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Soils in open pits after mining are poor in nutrients and organic matter, showing resistance to root penetration and plant growth in compaction and drying out [ 10 , 11 ].…”

The Root Proteomes of Mimosa acutistipula Provide Insights into the Stress Response Mechanisms in Plants Grown in Native Ecosystems and Eastern Amazon's Rehabilitating Minelands

“…It was identified a pool of enzymes related to water deprivation, temperature variations, salt stress, and response to metal ions (Figures 2B and 3), which are considered limiting factors to which native species need to adapt for their establishment in canga [3,16,19] or even in rehabilitating minelands [6][7][8][9]. These proteins were more abundant in canga.…”

“…Iron ore extraction occurs mainly in open-cast mines, transforming landscapes and altering soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties [6][7][8][9]. Soils in open pits after mining are poor in nutrients and organic matter, showing resistance to root penetration and plant growth to compaction and drying out [10,11].…”

Caracterización Y Rendimiento De Dos Maíces Criollos Pozoleros De Los Estados De Guanajuato Y Michoacán en El Municipio De Zumpango, Estado De México

“…O monitoramento da qualidade do solo é de suma importância para compreender as potencialidades e fragilidades que o manejo e uso do solo têm provocado no sistema, servindo como subsídio teórico para a tomada de decisão. Atualmente, muitas pesquisas têm aplicado métodos sofisticados para avaliar a qualidade do solo (MUKHOPADHYAY et al, 2016;TAKOUTSING et al, 2016;BANDYOPADHYAY;MAITI, 2021;RIBEIRO et al, 2022). Porém, o estudo de métodos mais práticos e rápidos também se faz muito necessário, principalmente para o uso em pequenas propriedades agrícolas.…”