Spectral measurements of dielectric characteristics of petroleum and petroleum oils in the millimeter wave range

Abstract

We obtain experimental data on the complex refractive index N = n + ik of petroleum, five petroleum oils, and water-petroleum emulsion in the frequency range f = 75-120 GHz. Measurements were performed in a quasioptical equipment with a backward-wave oscillator generating the radiation and an OAP-7 optical-acoustic receivers for a temperature of 27 • C of studied liquids. The refractive indices n of petroleum and oil have a weak negative dispersion (dn/df < 0) and close values. At a frequency of 100 GHz, they lie in the range n = 1.477-1.495. The absorption indices k have different frequency dependences such that k increases for four oils, while it decreases for petroleum and SM-4.5 oil with increasing f . At the frequency f = 100 GHz, the values of k vary in a wide range from 2.4 · 10 −4 to 1.7 · 10 −3 . The measurement results for petroleum and oils are compared with experimental results obtained by other authors. The frequency dependences of n and k of water-petroleum emulsion for water concentrations 0.11% and 0.58% are compared with the data calculated using various analytical models of dielectric mixtures. The dependences n(f ) and k(f ) calculated by the Kubo-Nakamura formula are the closest to the experimental data.

$W$ -Band Complex Permittivity Measurements at High Temperature Using Free-Space Methods

“…W -band dielectric property data at 25 • C for many materials, including solid polymers [5], [6], [11]- [13], [16], [18]- [21], [26], [28], [31], [35]- [37], [40], [50], [54], [55], [58], [59], [61]- [63], [65], [66], [68], [72]- [76], [78], nonmagnetic ceramics [5], [6], [9], [11], [16], [26], [31], [33], [35]- [38], [48]- [52], [55], [59], [60], [65], [71], [77], [79], ferrite ceramics [41]- [45], semiconductors [34], [49], [80], food grains...…”