Spectroscopic and electrical conductivity investigation of Mg doped LiNbO3 single crystals

Polgár, K.; Kovács, László; Földvári, I.; Cravero, I.

doi:10.1016/0038-1098(86)90566-1

Cited by 79 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As found earlier for congruent crystals, upon Mg doping with increasing concentration up to the threshold, the UV-edge gradually shifts to shorter wavelength, while this tendency is reversed for further increase above the threshold. 68 The behaviour of below-threshold samples was again attributed, though qualitatively, to the decreasing Nb Li concentration.…”

Section: -12mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…65 Moreover, quite a number of physical properties like Curie temperature, 66 Raman spectrum, 67 UV-edge, 68 etc., depend on MgO addition, showing, in particular, an abrupt change at the threshold. The latter was found at about 5 mol.…”

Section: B Properties Of Mg-doped Sln Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14(a)) in agreement with previous experimental results. 68,78,79 The conclusion was that the edge position of below-threshold LiNbO 3 :Mg crystals is determined by both Nb Li and Mgassociated defects. The contribution of Nb Li to the UV-edge shift of undoped crystals can be derived using charge compensation models and Eq.…”

Section: -12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For designing experiments and for preliminary model calculations, the knowledge of the absorption coefficient and the refractive index of the material in the THz range are of key importance. Mg doping has an effect on various spectroscopic features of sLN, such as the UV absorption edge, 68,79 the IR absorption band, 68,91 and the PR effect (the latter is disadvantageous in the case of nonlinear applications). 48 In order to obtain information about the effect of Mg doping on THz absorption and refraction, the following measurements were performed.…”

Section: Absorption Refractive Index In the Far-ir (Thz) Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Lengyel

Péter

Kovács

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Reviews

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105

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Owing to the extraordinary richness of its physical properties, congruent lithium niobate has attracted multidecade-long interest both for fundamental science and applications. The combination of ferro-, pyro-, and piezoelectric properties with large electro-optic, acousto-optic, and photoelastic coefficients as well as the strong photorefractive and photovoltaic effects offers a great potential for applications in modern optics. To provide powerful optical components in high energy laser applications, tailoring of key material parameters, especially stoichiometry, is required. This paper reviews the state of the art of growing large stoichiometric LiNbO 3 (sLN) crystals, in particular, the defect engineering of pure and doped sLN with emphasis on optical damage resistant (ODR) dopants (e.g., Mg, Zn, In, Sc, Hf, Zr, Sn). The discussion is focused on crystals grown by the high temperature top seeded solution growth (HTTSSG) technique using alkali oxide fluxing agents. Based on high-temperature phase equilibria studies of the Li 2 O-Nb 2 O 5 -X 2 O ternary systems (X ¼ Na, K, Rb, Cs), the impact of alkali homologue additives on the stoichiometry of the lithium niobate phase will be analyzed, together with a summary of the ultraviolet, infrared, and far-infrared absorption spectroscopic methods developed to characterize the composition of the crystals. It will be shown that using HTTSSG from K 2 O containing flux, crystals closest to the stoichiometric composition can be grown characterized by a UV-edge position of at about 302 nm and a single narrow hydroxyl band in the IR with a linewidth of less than 3 cm À1 at 300 K. The threshold concentrations for ODR dopants depend on crystal stoichiometry and the valence of the dopants; Raman spectra, hydroxyl vibration spectra, and Z-scan measurements prove to be useful to distinguish crystals below and above the photorefractive threshold. Crystals just above the threshold are preferred for most nonlinear optical applications apart holography and have the additional advantage to minimize the absorption even in the far-infrared (THz) range. The review also provides a discussion on the progress made in the characterization of non-stoichiometry related intrinsic and extrinsic defect structures in doped LN crystals, with emphasis on ODR-ion-doped and/or closely stoichiometric systems, based on both spectroscopic measurements and theoretical modelling, including the results of first principles quantum mechanical calculations on hydroxyl defects. It will also be shown that new perspective applications, e.g., the generation of high energy THz pulses with energies on the tens-of-mJ scale, are feasible with ODR-doped sLN crystals if optimal conditions, including the contact grating technique, are applied. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Section: -12mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: B Properties Of Mg-doped Sln Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Absorption Refractive Index In the Far-ir (Thz) Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Lengyel

Péter

Kovács

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Reviews

Self Cite

105

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“…The analysis of Mg 2+ ions localization in LN structure was made by many researchers and it has been shown that at MgO concentration less than threshold, Mg 2+ ions usually occupy positions of Li + -ions, preventing the appearance of antisite Nb Li ions [5][6][7][8][9]. However, when MgO concentration is above the threshold there are different models of Mg 2+ ions localization in LN crystal: 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal

et al. 2010

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The analysis of cation sublattices population in magnesium doped LiNbO 3 crystals is carried out. It is shown that volume concentration of lithium vacancies (V Li ) monotonously increases with increasing of MgO content in the crystal up to the threshold value. A series of LiNbO 3 crystals with various concentration of Mg 2+ were investigated by 7 Li and 93 Nb Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). It is concluded that the peculiarities of NMR spectra in Mg-doped LiNbO 3 crystals can be explained by the formation of defect complexes including Mg Li ions and V Li on the shortest distances between them.

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Effect of dopant Zn on the optical absorption properties of lithium niobate crystals

et al. 1994

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Spectroscopic and electrical conductivity investigation of Mg doped LiNbO3 single crystals

Cited by 79 publications

References 8 publications

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal

Effect of dopant Zn on the optical absorption properties of lithium niobate crystals

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Spectroscopic and electrical conductivity investigation of Mg doped LiNbO3 single crystals

Cited by 79 publications

References 8 publications

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO3Crystal

Effect of dopant Zn on the optical absorption properties of lithium niobate crystals

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NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal