Spectroscopic ellipsometry and UV–vis studies at room temperature of the novel organic–inorganic hybrid of salt Bis (4-acetylanilinium) tetrachlorocadmiate

Structural, optical properties and characterization of (C2H5NH3)2CdCl4, (C2H5NH3)2CuCl4 and (C2H5NH3)2Cd0.5Cu0.5Cl4 compounds

“…Table 4. These values are comparable to that found in the literature [31]. The refractive index n of the samples is calculated from the gap energy by using the following equation Eq.…”

Optical and electrical properties and conduction mechanism of [(CH3)2NH2]2CoCl4

“…A graphical representation of ln( α ) as a function of ( hν ) (Figure ) allowed us to determine the value of Urbach energy, which is E u = 0.38 eV, thus indicating a high structural disorder compared to other similar compounds: 1.27 eV for [ C 8 H 10 NO] 2 CoCl 4 and 0.622 eV for [C 8 H 10 NO] 2 CdCl 4 . However, this value agrees with the reported values for crystals [(CH 3 ) 3 NH]CdCl 3 (0.36 eV) and [N (CH 3 ) 3 H]CoCl 3 ⋅2H 2 O (0.26 eV) …”

“…They are too weak compared to activation energy E aI and E aII , respectively. Hence, the conduction mechanism is provided by single‐polaron hopping in each phase . Therefore, NN p is calculated using where N T is the state density number.…”

Thermal stability, low gap energy and high Temperature order–disorder Phase Transition in Hybrid Material: [N (CH3)4]2PdCl4

“…This small value may be indicates that this compound has a good quality with lower defects. Several materials show the presence of low values of Urbach energy which are attributed to low impurities in these compounds and good crystallinities …”

“…Several materials show the presence of low values of Urbach energy which are attributed to low impurities in these compounds and good crystallinities. [22,23] The refractive index is also calculated using the optical experimental measurements according to the following expression [19] :…”