Spectroscopy and green upconversion laser emission of Er3+-doped crystals at room temperature

Danger, T.; Koetke, J.; Brede, R.; Heumann, E.; Huber, G.; Chai, B. H. T.

doi:10.1063/1.357745

Cited by 118 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The excitation with 652.1-nm light populates the 4 I 11/2 multiplet via a nonradiative relaxation [28]. From this level a second photon may be absorbed promoting carriers to the 2 H 9/2 one.…”

Section: Photoluminescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalline structure and optical spectroscopy of Er3+-doped KGd(WO4)2 single crystals

et al. 1999

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Abstract. KGd(WO 4 ) 2 single crystals doped with Er 3+ have been grown by the flux top-seeded-solution growth method. The crystallographic structure of the lattice has been refined, being the lattice constants a = 10.652(4), b = 10.374(6), c = 7.582(2) Å, β = 130.80(2)• . The refractive index dispersion of the host has been measured in the 350-1500 nm range. The optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of Er The technological interest in the development of solidstate lasers for application in long-distance optical communications has promoted the study of laser ions with an emission close to the minimum of the optical losses in silica fibers, namely 1.5 µm. The present development of a new laser generation requires us to find crystals with low excitation threshold and suited to be excited by the emission of diode lasers. Er 3+ only has weak absorption bands in the 600-1000 nm region, but its photoluminescence can be sensitised by energy transfer from Yb 3+ , which shows a strong optical absorption in the 900-1000 nm range. This region overlaps the emission of InGaAs diode lasers. As a matter of fact, InGaAs diodepumped room-temperature laser operation has been recently demonstrated in KGd(WO 4 ) 2 :Yb:Er crystals [7] (hereafter KGd(WO 4 ) 2 is abbreviated as KGW), however the efficiency of the process was weak and the physical processes involved were poorly understood. Moreover, Er has been used to sensitise the Tm 3+ emission in KGW crystals at liquid nitrogen temperature [8].Despite the relevance of the optical properties of Er 3+ in KGW crystals, its spectroscopic properties have been reported at 77 K only for the 4 S 3/2 or lower energy levels [9,10]. The present work reports a spectroscopic study of the Er 3+ ions incorporated in KGW crystals grown by the flux top-seeded-solution growth (TSSG) technique.KGW crystals have been also used as a laser host for Nd 3+ ions because of the high efficiency of the 4 F 3/2 → 4 I 11/2 transition [11,12] as well as a host for other rare-earth laser ions [8]. Recently, some research has focused attention on crystals with relevant cubic nonlinearity χ (3) because with these materials it is possible to obtain unconventional lasers, such as lasers with stimulated-Raman-scattering (SRS) frequency self-conversion. The KGW:Nd possesses an effective cubic nonlinearity of about 10 −13 esu and presents a good efficiency in the process of SRS self-conversion [13].In view of the relevance of the KGW lattice host, we have also performed a refinement of the crystal structure, in order to improve the currently known lattice constants and to help in the discussion of the local lattice site symmetry when required. Further, we discuss the orientation of the indicatrix of the crystal with regards to the crystallographic axes and we have obtained the value of the refractive indices in a wide spectral region.

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Section: Photoluminescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalline structure and optical spectroscopy of Er3+-doped KGd(WO4)2 single crystals

et al. 1999

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Among these materials, lithium yttrium fluoride LiYF 4 (YLF) is of a special interest due to its specific features, namely: wide transparent range (from 0.15 to 7.5 mm), low value of induced nonlinear refractive index, and optical, thermal, and radiation stability. The YLF crystal has the scheelite structure; 7) its space group is I4 1 =aðC 6 4h Þ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Level Structure of LiYF<SUB>4</SUB>:Dy<SUP>3+</SUP>: Crystal Field Analysis

et al. 2004

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Crystal field analysis of the energy level structure of lithium yttrium fluoride doped with trivalent dysprosium was performed. Assignment of absorption lines in experimental spectrum of absorption was made in a wide spectral region: from IR to UV. Crystal field parameters for the whole series of trivalent rare earth ions in LiYF 4 crystal were obtained. The values of the intermediately coupled Lande g-factor were calculated and used to estimate the EPR g-factors g k , g ? for LiYF 4 :Dy 3þ .

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“…[13][14][15] Portanto, estas transições podem influenciar significativamente a ação laser e/ou a amplificação óptica. As AEE são benéficas quando responsáveis pela desexcitação do nível laser inferior (podendo gerar Upconversion), 16 ou deletérias, quando partem do nível laser superior, atuando como um canal de perda de população.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Técnica de bombeio e prova para medidas de absorção de estado excitado e de emissão estimulada, em materiais sólidos dopados com íons terras raras

Camargo

Nunes

2008

Quím. Nova

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In these ions, the occurrence of Excited State Absorptions (ESA), from long lived electronic levels, is commonplace. Since ESA can deeply affect the efficiencies of the rare earth emissions, evaluation of these transitions cross sections is of greatest importance in predicting the potential applications of a given material. In this paper a detailed description of the pump-probe technique for ESA measurements is presented, with a review of several examples of applications in Nd 3+ , Tm 3+ and Er 3+ doped materials.

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Spectroscopy and green upconversion laser emission of Er3+-doped crystals at room temperature

Cited by 118 publications

References 25 publications

Crystalline structure and optical spectroscopy of Er3+-doped KGd(WO4)2 single crystals

Crystalline structure and optical spectroscopy of Er3+-doped KGd(WO4)2 single crystals

Energy Level Structure of LiYF<SUB>4</SUB>:Dy<SUP>3+</SUP>: Crystal Field Analysis

Técnica de bombeio e prova para medidas de absorção de estado excitado e de emissão estimulada, em materiais sólidos dopados com íons terras raras

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