Spectrum Management Schemes for Internet of Remote Things (IoRT) Devices in 5G Networks via GEO Satellite

Abstract

The rapid growth of not just mobile devices but also Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced a new paradigm in mobile networks. This evolution and the continuous need to provide spectrum efficient, high data rates, low latency, and low energy consumption radio access networks have led to the emergence of fifth generation (5G) networks. Due to technical and economical limitations, the satellite air interface is expected to complement the 5G terrestrial air interface in the provision of 5G services including IoT communications. More importantly, it is on this premise that the 5G satellite air interface is expected to provide network access to IoT devices in rural and remote areas termed Internet of Remote Things (IoRT). While this remains an interesting solution, several radio resource management issues exist. One of them, spectrum management, in the 5G satellite as it affects IoRT communications, remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this paper is to investigate and recommend the spectrum management scheme that will be most suitable not only for Human-to-Human communications but also Machine-to-Machine communications in 5G satellite networks. In order to conduct this investigation, a new dynamic scheduling scheme that will be suitable for such a scenario is proposed in this paper. The investigation is conducted through simulations, using throughput, delay, spectral efficiency, and fairness index as the performance metrics.Also, recent studies estimate that approximately 4 billion people still lack access to internet [17]. The economic and technical viabilities of the implementation of terrestrial global coverage remains infeasible not only due to rural and remote areas but also passengers on high-speed trains, speed boats or aircrafts. Hence, the need for the satellite segment to complement the terrestrial network infrastructure in the envisaged 5G communication systems cannot be over emphasized in order to address the limitations of the terrestrial network infrastructure. The satellite components will also be able to support new machine-type communications-based applications and the new 5G system is expected to accommodate diverse RANs to operate together, including satellites [18]. It is also envisaged that the satellite systems can support all the use case scenarios that the terrestrial counterparts will be able to provide [19]. It is indeed well recognized that one of the directions in the evolution of the 5G is towards the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) and it is the concept of smart objects that drives the implementation of this new paradigm [20]. No doubt, the satellite communications systems have the potential to play a crucial role in this 5G framework for different reasons.Firstly, smart objects are often located over a wide geographical area, remote or inaccessible. This scenario of IoT is referred to as the Internet of (Remote) Things (IoRT). In the IoRT scenario, satellite communication systems provide a more cost-effective solution with respect to other terrestrial technologies. Secondly, s...

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