Sperm Adhesion Molecule 1 (SPAM1) Distribution in Selected Human Sperm by Hyaluronic Acid Test

Abstract

The failures of binding to the oocyte zona pellucida are commonly attributed to defects in the sperm recognition, adhesion, and fusion molecules. SPAM1 (sperm adhesion molecule 1) is a hyaluronidase implicated in the dispersion of the cumulus-oocyte matrix. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the SPAM1 distribution in the different physiological conditions of human sperm. Specifically, we evaluated the location of the SPAM1 protein in human sperm before capacitation, at one and four hours of capacitation and after hyaluronic acid (HA) selection test by fluorescence microscopy. Sperm bound to HA were considered mature and those that crossed it immature. Our results detected three SPAM1 fluorescent patterns: label throughout the head (P1), equatorial segment with acrosomal faith label (P2), and postacrosomal label (P3). The data obtained after recovering the mature sperm by the HA selection significantly (p < 0.05) highlighted the P1 in both capacitation times, being 79.74 and 81.48% after one hour and four hours, respectively. Thus, the HA test identified that human sperm require the presence of SPAM1 throughout the sperm head (P1) to properly contact the cumulus-oocyte matrix. Overall, our results provide novel insights into the physiological basis of sperm capacitation and could contribute to the improvement of selection techniques.

A proteomic approach to identifying spermatozoa proteins in Indonesian native Madura bulls

“…It originates from the testis and occupies the anterior head region, where the orientation of the C-terminus with the zonal-binding domain facilitates interaction with zona pellucida after the acrosome reaction ( 20 ). This protein has also been detected in male sperm ( 21 ). The roteomee analysis carried out in this study from the sperm of Madura Bull also revealed the existence of the hyaluronidase protein, also known as SPAM1, isoform 62.4 kDa.…”

Exploring the Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Reproductive Biology and Beyond: Applications in Assisted Reproduction and Tissue Engineering

“…Its significant hyaluronidase activity is required to bind the zona pellucida and break down the extracellular matrix HA. [71] Recent research has determined that the distribution of SPAM1 inside the sperm head is essential for effective interaction with the cumulus-oocyte matrix. [71] Another sperm surface protein implicated in sperm-oocyte adhesion is HABP1.…”

“…[71] Recent research has determined that the distribution of SPAM1 inside the sperm head is essential for effective interaction with the cumulus-oocyte matrix. [71] Another sperm surface protein implicated in sperm-oocyte adhesion is HABP1. The maturation and functional alterations of sperm in the epididymis may be related to the expression of HABP1 on their surface.…”

“…[ 71 ] Recent research has determined that the distribution of SPAM1 inside the sperm head is essential for effective interaction with the cumulus‐oocyte matrix. [ 71 ]…”

IZUMO1 Receptor Localization during Hyaluronic Acid Selection in Human Spermatozoa

“…Based on previous studies from our group [29,30], the semen samples were processed to obtain spermatozoa under the following conditions (Figure 1): noncapacitated sperm (NCS), one-hour-capacitated sperm (CS1), mature and immature sperm selected by HA after one-hour capacitation (MS1 and IS1), and induced acrosome reaction from one-hourcapacitated sperm (ARS1). Mature and immature groups were termed by Cayli et al [13].…”