Sphagnum Macrostructure as an Indicator of Decay and Compaction in Peat Cores from an Ombrotrophic South Swedish Peat-Bog

Johnson, Loretta C.; Damman, A. W. H.; Malmer, Nils

doi:10.2307/2260889

Cited by 89 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…7) with negligible leakage. In this study the accumulation of N in the peat partly reflects the increase in bulk density, a consequence of the loss of easily decomposed material at the surface leading to a compression of the peat (Johnson et al, 1990). Increases in % N in the peat were quite variable across treatment plots.…”

Section: J Sheppard Et Al: Fate Of N In a Peatland 157mentioning

confidence: 71%

Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N<sub>2</sub>O depend on the form of N

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Peatlands represent a vast carbon reserve that has accumulated under conditions of low nitrogen availability. Given the strong coupling between the carbon and nitrogen cycles, we need to establish the consequences of the increase in reactive nitrogen deposition for the sustainability of peatlands, and whether the form in which the nitrogen is deposited makes a difference. We have addressed these questions using a globally unique field simulation of reactive N deposition as dry deposited ammonia and wet deposited reduced N, ammonium and oxidised N, nitrate, added as ammonium chloride or sodium nitrate, to an ombrotrophic peatland, Whim bog in SE Scotland. Here we report the fate of 56 kg N ha −1 yr −1 additions over 10 yr and the consequences. The effects of 10 yr of reactive N additions depended on the form in which the N was applied. Ammonia-N deposition caused the keystone Sphagnum species, together with the main shrub Calluna and the pleurocarpous mosses, to disappear, exposing up to 30 % of the peat surface. This led to a significant increase in soil water nitrate and nitrous oxide emissions. By contrast wet deposited N, despite significantly reducing the cover of Sphagnum and Pleurozium moss, did not have a detrimental effect on Calluna cover nor did it significantly change soil water N concentrations or nitrous oxide emissions. Importantly 10 yr of wet deposited N did not bare the peat surface nor significantly disrupt the vegetation enabling the N to be retained within the carbon rich peatland ecosystems. However, given the significant role of Sphagnum in maintaining conditions that retard decomposition, this study suggests that all nitrogen forms will eventually compromise carbon sequestration by peatlands through loss of some keystone Sphagnum species.

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Section: J Sheppard Et Al: Fate Of N In a Peatland 157mentioning

confidence: 71%

Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N<sub>2</sub>O depend on the form of N

et al. 2013

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“…Samples were heated for c. 30 min in a 5% KOH solution and sieved (mesh 160 μm). Macrofossils were scanned in water in a petri dish under a binocular microscope and identified using Grosse-Brauckmann (1972, 1974, the moss flora of Britain and Ireland (Smith, 1978), the Nordic Sphagnum flora (Johansson, 1995), the seed atlas of Katz et al (1965), and a reference collection (Mauquoy and van Geel, 2007). Volume percentages were estimated for the mosses, roots and epidermis material.…”

Section: Macrofossil Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both in the local and regional vegetation developments this depth is a boundary between assemblage zones. The mesotrophic status of the bog, indicated by presence of J. bufonius, might also be a reason for the humified peat layer because decay rates increase with trophy status (Johnson et al, 1990). There remains a question about why pine settled on the bog surface at this particular time.…”

Section: Impact Of Pinus Monocultures On the Mire Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation history and human impact during the last 300 years recorded in a German peat deposit

Linden

Vickery

Charman

et al. 2008

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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Vegetation history and human impact during the last 300 years recorded in a German peat deposit van der Linden, M.; Vickery, E.; Charman, D.J.; Broekens, P.M.; van Geel, B. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Download date: 12 May 2018This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. A peat core from the Barschpfuhl kettlehole mire in north-east Germany was analysed for multiproxy indicators (plant macrofossils, pollen/non-pollen microfossils, testate amoebae, colorimetric humification, carbon/nitrogen ratios, bulk density, loss on ignition), to investigate the effects of climate change and human impact on vegetation and peat accumulation during the last c. 300 years. 14 C wiggle-match dating was applied for high-precision dating. Testate amoebae assemblages were used to reconstruct past water table depths and compared with other proxies and instrumental climate data from the mid-18th century onwards. The mire hydrology of this relatively small bog was heavily influenced by forestry changes in the area. The climate signal was therefore obscured. Afforestation with fast-growing conifers and drainage for agricultural purposes resulted in a lowering of the water level, changes in trophic status, changes in mire surface vegetation and increased decomposition of the peat. Variations in the openness and cultivated land indicators in the pollen data of Barschpfuhl reflect regional population density and land use changes. A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O

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“…It had been expected that all substrate variables would be correlated with elevation, with higher sites having lower bulk densities and a higher content of undecomposed fibers than lower sites (Glaser 1987, Johnson et al 1990). However, no such relationship was found.…”

Section: Bulkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsite differences in surface substrate characteristics inChamaecyparis swamps of the New Jersey Pinelands

Ehrenfeld

1995

Wetlands

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Atlantic white cedar wetlands have pronounced hummock-hollow microtopography, in which the hummocks may be covered by Sphagnum spp. or may have only a layer of needle and leaf litter present. I tested the hypotheses that characteristics of the hummock peat, including moisture content, bulk density, redox potential and fiber content, would vary linearly with elevation above the water table, and that these relationships would not vary between moss-and litter-covered surfaces. These hypotheses underlie the frequent use ofmicrosite elevation as an indicator of habitat differentiation in wetlands. I found that moisture and redox potential varied with elevation, but balk density and fiber content were independent of elevation.Furthermore, moisture and redox status on Sphagnum-covered microsites had a weaker relationship to elevation (lower slope coefficient and lower r 2) than on litter-covered microsites. Principal components analyses showed that Sphagnum-covered microsites were differentiated primarily on the basis of the relative content of undecomposed and decomposed fibers, while litter-covered sites were differentiated primarily on the basis of moisture and elevation. These results suggest that environmental gradients on hummock-hollow systems are complex and not a simple reflection of elevation. Environmental disturbances that reduce

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Sphagnum Macrostructure as an Indicator of Decay and Compaction in Peat Cores from an Ombrotrophic South Swedish Peat-Bog

Cited by 89 publications

References 29 publications

Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N<sub>2</sub>O depend on the form of N

Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N<sub>2</sub>O depend on the form of N

Vegetation history and human impact during the last 300 years recorded in a German peat deposit

Microsite differences in surface substrate characteristics inChamaecyparis swamps of the New Jersey Pinelands

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Sphagnum Macrostructure as an Indicator of Decay and Compaction in Peat Cores from an Ombrotrophic South Swedish Peat-Bog

Cited by 89 publications

References 29 publications

Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O depend on the form of N

Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O depend on the form of N

Vegetation history and human impact during the last 300 years recorded in a German peat deposit

Microsite differences in surface substrate characteristics inChamaecyparis swamps of the New Jersey Pinelands

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Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N<sub>2</sub>O depend on the form of N

Fate of N in a peatland, Whim bog: immobilisation in the vegetation and peat, leakage into pore water and losses as N<sub>2</sub>O depend on the form of N