Spherical nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp via ultrasound assisted hydrolysis

Azrina, Z. A. Zianor; Beg, Mohammad Dalour Hossen; Rosli, M. Y.; Ramli, Ridzuan; Junadi, Norhafzan; Alam, A.K.M.M.

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.035

Cited by 124 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the conventional treatment, this band emerges as slightly stronger than the microwave one. However, it should be noted that the identification of the carbonate ion band around 1700-1600 cm −1 by FTIR-ATR is quite difficult because the O-H bending (δ OH ) of absorbed water (1633-1659 cm −1 ) was also observed in this region [52,53]. FTIR data also suggested that oxidation occurred preferentially at the C6 primary alcohol of crystalline cellulose.…”

Section: Ftir-atr Analysis Of Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peak at 1110 cm −1 , present in all the spectra, is attributed to the asymmetric stretching of the C-O-C group of cellulose. Other characteristic absorption peaks, related to the chemical structure of cellulose, were 896 cm −1 , resulting from the β-glycosidic linkage [52], and 1058 (the strongest band across the cellulose spectra) and 1035 cm -1 , referable to the -C-O and C-O-C bonds of the pyranose ring, respectively. It can also be observed that the presence of these very strong absorption bands, referable to the glucopyranose unit vibrations, demonstrates that the degradation of cellulose could hardly have taken place at the glucose rings.…”

Section: Ftir-atr Analysis Of Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast Production of Cellulose Nanocrystals by Hydrolytic-Oxidative Microwave-Assisted Treatment

et al. 2020

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In contrast to conventional approaches, which are considered to be energy- and time-intensive, expensive, and not green, herein, we report an alternative microwave-assisted ammonium persulfate (APS) method for cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) production, under pressurized conditions in a closed reaction system. The aim was to optimize the hydrolytic-oxidative patented procedure (US 8,900,706), replacing the conventional heating with a faster process that would allow the industrial scale production of the nanomaterial and make it more appealing to a green economy. A microwave-assisted process was performed according to different time–temperature programs, varying the ramp (from 5 to 40 min) and the hold heating time (from 60 to 90 min), at a fixed reagent concentration and weight ratio of the raw material/APS solution. Differences in composition, structure, and morphology of the nanocrystals, arising from traditional and microwave methods, were studied by several techniques (TEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)-attenuated total reflectance (ATR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD)), and the extraction yields were calculated. Fine tuning the microwave treatment variables, it was possible to realize a simple, cost-effective way for faster materials’ preparation, which allowed achieving high-quality CNCs, with a defined hydrodynamic diameter (150 nm) and zeta potential (−0.040 V), comparable to those obtained using conventional heating, in only 90 min instead of 16 h.

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Section: Ftir-atr Analysis Of Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ftir-atr Analysis Of Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Production of Cellulose Nanocrystals by Hydrolytic-Oxidative Microwave-Assisted Treatment

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, acidcatalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose in combination with ultrasonication reportedly enables the production of spherical CNCs with diameters down to 10 nm (Wang . 2007, 2008, Zianor Azrina et al 2017). Thus, cavitation-induced temperature increase may have induced progressing autocatalysis during ultrasonication of protonated CNCs, facilitating their disintegration into spherical fragments with radii of gyration <25 nm.…”

Section: Effect Of Ultrasonication On Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ultrasonication on the Size Distribution and Stability of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Suspension: an Asymmetrical Flow Field-flow Fractionation Study

Metzger

Drexel

Meier

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-based building blocks for sustainable advanced materials with prospective applications in polymer composites, emulsions, electronics, sensors, and biomedical devices. However, their high surface area-to-volume ratio promotes agglomeration, which restrains their performance in size-driven applications, thereby hindering commercial CNC utilization. In this regard, ultrasonication is commonly applied to disperse CNCs in colloidal suspensions; however, ultrasonication methodology is not yet standardized and knowledge of the effects of ultrasound treatments on CNC size distribution is scarce. This limits the ability to tailor CNC performance in advanced materials. Herein, colloidal suspensions of sulfated CNCs were treated with different ultrasound energy densities up to 40 kJ g−1 CNC and then size-fractionated with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). On-line multi-angle light scattering and ultraviolet spectroscopy along with off-line dynamic light scattering were used to determine the effect of ultrasonication on particle size distribution. High energy densities facilitated cumulative dispersion of CNC clusters and mean particle length decreased logarithmically with increasing energy density. The suspension’s electrical conductivity concurrently increased, which has been attributed to faster diffusion of smaller particles and exposure of previously obscured surface charges. Colloidal stability, investigated through electrical AF4 (EAF4) and electrophoretic light scattering, was not affected by ultrasonication. Occurrence of minor CNC agglomeration at low ultrasound energy densities over the course of six months suggest the effect was not unmitigatedly permanent.

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“…Multiple technologies have been developed to prepare NC from cellulosic materials, including ultrasonication [7], high-pressure homogenization [8], steam explosion treatment [9], high-speed grinding [10], acid hydrolysis [11], TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) oxidation [12], and combined treatments [13]. The morphology and properties of NC particles determine their application properties and are affected by preparation methods [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Preparation Method on the Physicochemical Properties of Cationic Nanocellulose and Starch Nanocomposites

et al. 2019

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Nanocellulose (NC) has attracted attention in recent years for the advantages offered by its unique characteristics. In this study, the effects of the preparation method on the properties of starch films were investigated by preparing NC from cationic-modified microcrystalline cellulose (MD-MCC) using three methods: Acid hydrolysis (AH), high-pressure homogenization (HH), and high-intensity ultrasonication (US). When MD-MCC was used as the starting material, the yield of NC dramatically increased compared to the NC yield obtained from unmodified MCC and the increased zeta potential improved its suspension stability in water. The NC prepared by the different methods had a range of particle sizes and exhibited needle-like structures with high aspect ratios. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt groups were introduced to the cellulose backbone during etherification. AH-NC had a much lower maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) than HH-NC or US-NC. The starch/HH-NC film exhibited the best water vapor barrier properties because the HH-NC particles were well-dispersed in the starch matrix, as demonstrated by the surface morphology of the film. Our results suggest that cationic NC is a promising reinforcing agent for the development of starch-based biodegradable food-packaging materials.

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Spherical nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp via ultrasound assisted hydrolysis

Cited by 124 publications

References 26 publications

Fast Production of Cellulose Nanocrystals by Hydrolytic-Oxidative Microwave-Assisted Treatment

Fast Production of Cellulose Nanocrystals by Hydrolytic-Oxidative Microwave-Assisted Treatment

Effect of Ultrasonication on the Size Distribution and Stability of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Suspension: an Asymmetrical Flow Field-flow Fractionation Study

Effects of Preparation Method on the Physicochemical Properties of Cationic Nanocellulose and Starch Nanocomposites

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