“…Phytogenics are a heterogeneous group of feed additives of plant origin consisting of herbs, spices, fruit, and other plant parts ( Gheisar and Kim, 2018 ; Ashour et al, 2020 ; Reda et al, 2021b ; Saad et al, 2021b , c ). The applications of spices and herbs (phytobiotics) in broiler nutrition were previously studied ( Horosova et al, 2006 ; Cross et al, 2007 ; Al-Kassie et al, 2011a , 2012 ; Kostadinović and Levic, 2012 ; Puvača et al, 2013 , 2014 , 2015a , b ). Figure 1 Biologically active constituents and properties of hot red pepper.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive properties of HRP have been paid great consideration in poultry nutrition ( Tellez et al, 1993 ; McElroy et al, 1994 ; Kogure et al, 2002 ; Zeyrek and Oguz, 2005 ; Conforti et al, 2007 ; Oboh et al, 2007 ; Wahyuni et al, 2013 ; Puvača et al, 2015a ). Furthermore, several studies confirmed the effect of photobiotic feed additives on broiler nutrition ( Al-Kassie et al, 2011b , 2012 ; Puvača et al, 2019a ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Capsaicin can also protect the gastrointestinal mucosal layer against injuries due to drugs or irritants ( Al-Kassie et al, 2012 ). Poultry cannot sense the pungency of capsicum due to the lack of receptors specific for capsaicin binding, thereby enabling a high concentration of capsicum in broiler diets ( Mason and Maruniak, 1983 ; Geisthovel et al, 1986 ; Puvača et al, 2015a ). Therefore, the addition of small ratios of HRP into experimental diets in previous studies may not be enough to portray the mode of action clearly ( Zheng et al, 2017 ).…”
“…Phytogenics are a heterogeneous group of feed additives of plant origin consisting of herbs, spices, fruit, and other plant parts ( Gheisar and Kim, 2018 ; Ashour et al, 2020 ; Reda et al, 2021b ; Saad et al, 2021b , c ). The applications of spices and herbs (phytobiotics) in broiler nutrition were previously studied ( Horosova et al, 2006 ; Cross et al, 2007 ; Al-Kassie et al, 2011a , 2012 ; Kostadinović and Levic, 2012 ; Puvača et al, 2013 , 2014 , 2015a , b ). Figure 1 Biologically active constituents and properties of hot red pepper.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive properties of HRP have been paid great consideration in poultry nutrition ( Tellez et al, 1993 ; McElroy et al, 1994 ; Kogure et al, 2002 ; Zeyrek and Oguz, 2005 ; Conforti et al, 2007 ; Oboh et al, 2007 ; Wahyuni et al, 2013 ; Puvača et al, 2015a ). Furthermore, several studies confirmed the effect of photobiotic feed additives on broiler nutrition ( Al-Kassie et al, 2011b , 2012 ; Puvača et al, 2019a ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Capsaicin can also protect the gastrointestinal mucosal layer against injuries due to drugs or irritants ( Al-Kassie et al, 2012 ). Poultry cannot sense the pungency of capsicum due to the lack of receptors specific for capsaicin binding, thereby enabling a high concentration of capsicum in broiler diets ( Mason and Maruniak, 1983 ; Geisthovel et al, 1986 ; Puvača et al, 2015a ). Therefore, the addition of small ratios of HRP into experimental diets in previous studies may not be enough to portray the mode of action clearly ( Zheng et al, 2017 ).…”
“…In some trials, dietary garlic supplementation limited or eliminated the negative effects of coccidial infection and improved average daily gain in challenged birds (19,22). However, the beneficial results of garlic supplementation on production of healthy broilers has been variable, possibly as a result of heterogeneity in product composition, supplementation dose, nature of processing, and duration of feeding (23,24). Moreover, the potential interactions between different combinations of bioactive ingredients have not been studied in depth.…”
This study investigated the in vitro effects of Greek oregano and garlic essential oils on inhibition of Eimeria parasites and their in vivo effects on production performance, intestinal bacteria counts, and oocyst output. An inhibition assay was performed in vitro using Eimeria tenella Wisconsin strain sporozoites and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Intracellular sporozoite invasion was quantified by detection of E. tenella DNA using qPCR from cell monolayers harvested at 2 and 24 h post-infection. Parasite invasion was inhibited by the oregano essential oil at the concentration of 100 µg/ml by 83 or 93% after 2 or 24 h, respectively. Garlic essential oil reached a maximum inhibition of 70% after 24 h with the 50 µg/ml concentration. Normal morphology was observed in MDBK cells exposed to concentrations of 100 µl/ml of garlic or oregano for over 24 h. In the in vivo trial, 180 male broiler chicks (45.3 ± 0.7 g) were allocated into two treatments (6 pens of 15 chicks per treatment). Control treatment was fed commercial diets without antibiotics or anticoccidials. The ORE-GAR treatment was fed the same control diets, further supplemented with a premix (1 g/kg feed) containing the oregano (50 g/kg premix) and garlic (5 g/kg premix) essential oils. At day 37, all birds were slaughtered under commercial conditions, and intestinal samples were collected. ORE-GAR treatment had improved final body weight (1833.9 vs. 1.685.9 g; p < 0.01), improved feed conversion ratio (1.489 vs. 1.569; p < 0.01), and reduced fecal oocyst excretion (day 28: 3.672 vs. 3.989 log oocysts/g, p < 0.01; day 37: 3.475 vs. 4.007 log oocysts/g, p < 0.001). In the caecal digesta, ORE-GAR treatment had lower total anaerobe counts (8.216 vs. 8.824 CFU/g; p < 0.01), whereas in the jejunum digesta the ORE-GAR treatment had higher counts of E. coli (5.030 vs. 3.530 CFU/g; p = 0.01) and Enterobacteriaceae (5.341 vs. 3.829 CFU/g; p < 0.01), and lower counts of Clostridium perfringens (2.555 vs. 2.882 CFU/g; p < 0.01). In conclusion, the combined supplementation of oregano and garlic essential oils had a potent anticoccidial effect in vitro and a growth-promoting effect in broilers reared in the absence of anticoccidial drugs.
“…Antibiotics as feed additives have been used as growth and health promoters in poultry production [6], however, because of the appearance of microorganisms that are resistant to specific antibiotics, the application of antibiotics in poultry ration has been forbidden or restricted in the developed countries [7,8]. As a result, exploring new growth-promoting alternatives to antibiotics has become a hot topic of research for several years [9].…”
Application of different medicinal mushrooms intended to enhance production performance and health status has created an importance demand in poultry production. One goal of using medicinal mushrooms is to get rid of antibiotics in poultry feed without affecting the optimum performance. Increasing concerns about this issue have led to more attention on antibiotic substitutes and a significant demand for them for organic egg production. Thus, supplementation with medicinal mushrooms is a new concept for research in layer production, however, there is still a great deal of confusion about inclusion levels and the mode of action of medicinal mushrooms on production performance and health status in laying hens. Taking this into account, this review outlines the experimental uses of medicinal fungi on the growth performance, laying performance, egg quality, and health status of layer birds based on previous findings to date. Finally, we highlight that supplementation with medicinal fungi can play a role on the immunity, health, and production performance in laying hens.
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