Spillover from marine protected areas to adjacent fisheries has an ecological and a fishery component

Lorenzo, Manfredi Di; Claudet, Joachim; Guidetti, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2016.04.004

Cited by 170 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…Most of the partially protected zones considered in this study surround fully protected areas (Appendix A) and may attract fishermen. Full protection enhance fish abundance and size (Guidetti et al, 2014;Sala et al, 2012), often resulting in the spillover of larvae and adults to adjacent unprotected areas (Di Franco et al, 2015;Di Lorenzo et al, 2016;Garcia-Rubies et al, 2013;Goñi et al, 2010;Stobart et al, 2009), hence concentrating fishing effort (Kellner et al, 2007;Stelzenmüller et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How good is your marine protected area at curbing threats?

Zupan

Bulleri

Evans

et al. 2018

Biological Conservation

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2Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools to mitigate human impacts in coastal environments, promoting sustainable activities to conserve biodiversity. The designation of MPAs alone may not result in the lessening of some human threats, which is highly dependent on management goals and the related specific regulations that are adopted. Here, we develop and operationalize a local threat assessment framework. We develop indices to quantify the effectiveness of MPAs (or individual zones within MPAs in the case of multipleuse MPAs) in reducing anthropogenic extractive and non-extractive threats operating at local scale, focusing specifically on threats that can be managed through MPAs. We apply this framework in 15 Mediterranean MPAs to assess their threat reduction capacity. We show that fully protected areas effectively eliminate extractive activities, whereas the intensity of artisanal and recreational fishing within partially protected areas, paradoxically, is higher than that found outside MPAs, questioning their ability at reaching conservation targets. In addition, both fully and partially protected areas attract non-extractive activities that are potential threats. Overall, only three of the 15 MPAs had lower intensities for the entire set of eight threats considered, in respect to adjacent control unprotected areas. Understanding the intensity and occurrence of human threats operating at the local scale inside and around MPAs is important for assessing MPAs effectiveness in achieving the goals they have been designed for, informing management strategies, and prioritizing specific actions.Keywords: fully protected area; partially protected area; management; extractive activities; non-extractive activities; marine use; Highlights• We present and operationalize a cost-effective framework to quantify local threats inside and outside MPAs.• We assess how good MPAs are at curbing extractive and non-extractive threats.• Fully protected areas effectively eliminate extractive threats.• Fully protected areas attract non-extractive threats, when allowed.• Small scale fishing intensity is larger in partially protected areas than outside.3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How good is your marine protected area at curbing threats?

Zupan

Bulleri

Evans

et al. 2018

Biological Conservation

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“…However, the role of MPAs in providing fisheries benefits is still debated because the results are often context-dependent2324. Although MPAs are not always a ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution2425, the benefits of MPAs to SSFs can be substantial since they protect fish stocks in the NTZ and can promote density dependent spill-over processes1926 enhancing fisheries catches in the BZ and outside the MPAs242728. MPAs could also play a crucial role in SSF management.…”

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confidence: 99%

Five key attributes can increase marine protected areas performance for small-scale fisheries management

Franco

Thiriet

Carlo

et al. 2016

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) have largely proven to be effective tools for conserving marine ecosystem, while socio-economic benefits generated by MPAs to fisheries are still under debate. Many MPAs embed a no-take zone, aiming to preserve natural populations and ecosystems, within a buffer zone where potentially sustainable activities are allowed. Small-scale fisheries (SSF) within buffer zones can be highly beneficial by promoting local socio-economies. However, guidelines to successfully manage SSFs within MPAs, ensuring both conservation and fisheries goals, and reaching a win-win scenario, are largely unavailable. From the peer-reviewed literature, grey-literature and interviews, we assembled a unique database of ecological, social and economic attributes of SSF in 25 Mediterranean MPAs. Using random forest with Boruta algorithm we identified a set of attributes determining successful SSFs management within MPAs. We show that fish stocks are healthier, fishermen incomes are higher and the social acceptance of management practices is fostered if five attributes are present (i.e. high MPA enforcement, presence of a management plan, fishermen engagement in MPA management, fishermen representative in the MPA board, and promotion of sustainable fishing). These findings are pivotal to Mediterranean coastal communities so they can achieve conservation goals while allowing for profitable exploitation of fisheries resources.

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“…Basically, MPAs are expected to protect critical spawning stock biomass of species from fishery-related depletion (Bell, 1983;García-Charton et al, 2004;Claudet et al, 2006), so that they recover and maintain a natural size and age structure in the populations, hence maximizing potential fecundity, allowing biomass exportation from core to regulated areas (Reñones et al, 1999;Goñi et al, 2003;Brito et al, 2006;Harmelin-Vivien et al, 2007;Dimech et al, 2008;Hackradt et al, 2014;Di Lorenzo et al, 2016). They also reestablish ecological interactions (Guidetti, 2006a,b) and preserve biological diversity at a regional scale (but see Klein et al, 2015) at all levels-specific, habitat/seascape, and also genetic diversity and populations structure (Pérez-Ruzafa et al, 2006)-, allowing the force of natural selection to operate.…”

Section: A Powerful Management Tool For Biodiversity Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, all these mechanisms potentially increase the catch in surrounding areas, and hence likely benefit fisheries by helping to recover and maintain target populations, full benefits of MPAs would require protecting also other mechanisms determining reproductive success, such as those necessitating essential habitats (Elliott et al, 2016)-e.g., spawning grounds (Erisman et al, 2015;Sadovy de Mitcheson, 2016) and recruitment areas (Cheminée et al, 2017). On the other hand, some authors differentiate "ecological spillover" (i.e., the net export of juvenile, subadult and adult biomass from MPAs outwardly driven by density-dependent processes) from "fishery spillover" (i.e., the proportion of this biomass that can be fished, taking into account regulations and accessibility; Di Lorenzo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Exportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, some of these processes are difficult to demonstrate in the field (Harmelin-Vivien et al, 2008;Lester et al, 2009;Di Lorenzo et al, 2016), the ability of MPAs to improve adjacent fisheries has also been related to indirect evidence, such as spatial redistribution of fishing effort (Murawski et al, 2005;Goñi et al, 2008;Stelzenmüller et al, 2008;Cabral et al, 2016) and the direct recording of catches by commercial fishing (Vandeperre et al, 2011).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Exportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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North East Atlantic vs. Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tool

2017

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The effectiveness of management initiatives implemented in the context of the European Common Fisheries Policy has been questioned, especially with regard to the Mediterranean. Some of the analyses made to compare the fishing activity and management measures carried out in the North East Atlantic and in the Mediterranean do not take into account some of the differentiating peculiarities of each of these regions. At the same time, they resort to traditional fisheries management measures and do not discuss the role of marine protected areas as a complementary management tool. In this respect, the apparent failure of marine protected areas in the North-East Atlantic compared with the same in the Mediterranean is challenging European fishery scientists. Application of the classical holistic view of ecological succession to the functioning of fishery closures and no-use areas highlights the importance of combining both management regimes to fully satisfy both fishery-and biodiversity-oriented goals. We advocate that an optimal management strategy for designing an MPA to protect biodiversity and sustain fishing yields consists of combining a network of no-use areas (close to their mature state) with fish boxes (buffer zones maintained by fishing disturbance in a relatively early successional stage, where productivity is higher), under a multi-zoning scheme. In this framework, the importance of no-use areas for fisheries is based on several observations: (1) They preserve biological diversity at regional scale, at all levels-specific, habitat/seascape, and also genetic diversity and the structure of populations, allowing natural selection to operate. (2) They permit the natural variability of the system to be differentiated from the effects of regulation and to be integrated in appropriate sampling schemes as controls. (3) They maintain the natural size and age structure of the populations, hence maximizing potential fecundity, allowing biomass export to occur from core to regulated areas, dampening the fluctuations derived from deviations from the theoretical optimal effort in the fishing zone.

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Spillover from marine protected areas to adjacent fisheries has an ecological and a fishery component

Cited by 170 publications

References 43 publications

How good is your marine protected area at curbing threats?

How good is your marine protected area at curbing threats?

Five key attributes can increase marine protected areas performance for small-scale fisheries management

North East Atlantic vs. Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tool

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