Spin-Symmetry Breaking Through Metasurface Geometric Phases

Bai, Guo Dong; Ma, Qian; Li, Rui Qi; Mu, Jing; Jing, Hong; Zhang, Lei; Cui, Tie Jun

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.12.044042

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This phenomenon can be regarded as an optical analogy of the Aharonov–Bohm effect, giving rise to corresponding phases prescribed by the geometric characteristics of arcuate paths. [ 40,41 ] The result of wave‐structure interaction can be expressed by the following equation

\begin{matrix} true \\ right (|〉, ψ) = σ_{1} e^{- i χ_{1}} + σ_{2} e^{- i χ_{2}} \end{matrix}

where σ 1 and σ 2 correspond to two spin states, and the phase factors are obtained by the path integral

\begin{matrix} true \\ right χ_{1} = \int_{κ}^{180^{\circ}} Ω d ξ, χ_{2} = \int_{γ}^{180^{\circ}} normalΩ normald ξ \end{matrix}

in which Ω is the varying velocity that relates to the azimuth angle: Ω = d φ //d ξ . It is clear that the path‐dependent phase appears at a unified geometric phase type, which is only determined by the central angle of the arcuate paths and their initial and final states.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon can be regarded as an optical analogy of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, giving rise to corresponding phases prescribed by the geometric characteristics of arcuate paths. [40,41] The result of wave-structure interaction can be expressed by the following equation…”

Section: Two-level Spin System Based On Meta-atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is clear that the path-dependent phase appears at a unified geometric phase type, which is only determined by the central angle of the arcuate paths and their initial and final states. [34,40] The interference between the two spin states will evidently depend on the phase difference.…”

Section: Two-level Spin System Based On Meta-atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Representing Quantum Information with Digital Coding Metasurfaces

Bai

Cui

2020

Advanced Science

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With the development of science and technology, the way to represent information becomes more powerful and diversified. Recent research on digital coding metasurfaces has built an alternative bridge between wave-behaviors and information science. Different from the logic information in traditional circuits, the digital bit in coding metasurfaces is based on wave-structure interaction, which is capable of exploiting multiple degrees of freedom (DoFs). However, to what extent the digital coding metasurface can expand the information representation has not been discussed. In this work, it is shown that classical metasurfaces have the ability to mimic qubit and quantum information. An approach for simulating a two-level spin system with meta-atoms is proposed, from which the superposition for two optical spin states is constructed. It is further proposed that using geometric-phase elements with nonseparable coding states can induce the classical entanglement between polarization and spatial modes, and give the condition to achieve the maximal entanglement. This study expands the information representing range of coding metasurfaces and provides an ultrathin platform to mimic quantum information.

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\begin{matrix} true \\ right (|〉, ψ) = σ_{1} e^{- i χ_{1}} + σ_{2} e^{- i χ_{2}} \end{matrix}

where σ 1 and σ 2 correspond to two spin states, and the phase factors are obtained by the path integral

\begin{matrix} true \\ right χ_{1} = \int_{κ}^{180^{\circ}} Ω d ξ, χ_{2} = \int_{γ}^{180^{\circ}} normalΩ normald ξ \end{matrix}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two-level Spin System Based On Meta-atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Representing Quantum Information with Digital Coding Metasurfaces

Bai

Cui

2020

Advanced Science

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“…The basic idea underpinning such metasurfaces relies on a finite number of coding elements and yet the ability to realize complicated EM field manipulations. For example, in the simplest binary case, by constructing two elements with opposite reflection/transmission phase as digital bits "0" and "1," digital coding metasurfaces can achieve wave manipulations by altering the coding sequences in a discretized manner, which greatly simplify the design, optimization, and fabrication process [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. This digital coding representation introduced in such metasurfaces can be regarded as digital modulation with discrete coding sequences, which can be easily realized in practice with simple hardware and is naturally suitable for integrating active devices such as diodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, by independently controlling the active devices embedded in the digital coding elements via a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), digitally programmable metasurfaces can be realized to dynamically control the EM fields and switch among different functions in real time in programmable ways [57,[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]. This fascinating concept has been successfully applied to numerous applications from microwaves to terahertz and even acoustics, including reflect/transmit arrays [63][64][65][66][67][68], beam/polarization manipulations [69,73,74], reprogrammable holograms [80], microwave imaging [81,82], scattering control [70][71][72], nonlinearity [62,86], nonreciprocity [87,88], information processing [89][90][91][92], direct transmission of the digital messages [93,94], and wireless communications [95][96][97][98]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-Time-Coding Digital Metasurfaces: Principles and Applications

Zhang

Cui

2021

Research

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Space-time-modulated metastructures characterized by spatiotemporally varying properties have recently attracted great interest and become one of the most fascinating and promising research fields. In the meantime, space-time-coding digital metasurfaces with inherently programmable natures emerge as powerful and versatile platforms for implementing the spatiotemporal modulations, which have been successfully realized and used to manipulate the electromagnetic waves in both the spectral and spatial domains. In this article, we systematically introduce the general concepts and working principles of space-time-coding digital metasurfaces and provide a comprehensive survey of recent advances and representative applications in this field. Specifically, we illustrate the examples of complicated wave manipulations, including harmonic beam control and programmable nonreciprocal effect. The fascinating strategy of space-time-coding opens the door to exciting scenarios for information systems, with abundant applications ranging from wireless communications to imaging and radars. We summarize this review by presenting the perspectives on the existing challenges and future directions in this fast-growing research field.

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Generation of Microwave Vortex Beams Using Metasurfaces

Yin¹,

Cui²

2021

Electromagnetic Vortices

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Spin-Symmetry Breaking Through Metasurface Geometric Phases

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Representing Quantum Information with Digital Coding Metasurfaces

Representing Quantum Information with Digital Coding Metasurfaces

Space-Time-Coding Digital Metasurfaces: Principles and Applications

Generation of Microwave Vortex Beams Using Metasurfaces

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