Spinal Cord Ischemic Necrosis due to Fibrocartilaginous Embolism in a Horse

Fuentealba, I. C.; Weeks, Brad R.; Martin, Michael T.; Joyce, J. R.; Wease, Grant S.

doi:10.1177/104063879100300217

Cited by 27 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Clinical signs, gross necropsy, and histological findings observed in this case were similar to those described in the literature for ischemic myelopathy caused by FCE in horses (TAYLOR et al, 1977;FUENTEALBA et al, 1991;SEBASTIAN & GILES, 2004;WALLING et al, 2011). To the authors knowledge this is the first report of this condition in a horse in Brazil.…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

“…It has been described in dogs (CAUZINILLE & KORNEGAY, 1996;DYCE & HOULTON, 1993;GANDINI et al, 2003;TESSER et al, 2009) and humans (UPPAL et al, 2004;ZACHARY, 2013), and rarely in horses (TAYLOR et al, 1977;FUENTEALBA et al, 1991;SEBASTIAN & GILES, 2004;WALLING et al, 2011). The pathogenesis of this syndrome remains uncertain and several theories have been proposed to explain the origin of fibrocartilaginous emboli.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism in a horse

et al. 2018

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This report described clinical, epidemiological, and pathological aspects of ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) in a 10-year-old, mixed breed gelding. Clinically, the horse presented acute hind limbs paralysis, with a clinical course of approximately 24 hours. At necropsy, no gross lesions were observed. Cross-sections of the spinal cord revealed focally extensive areas of malacia from the T10 to L4 segments. Focally extensive areas of liquefactive necrosis involving the gray matter and adjacent white matter were observed on histologic sections. The lumen of multiple blood vessels in the periphery of the necrotic areas was occluded by fibrocartilaginous emboli that strongly stained with alcian blue. Clinical signs, gross necropsy, and histological findings observed in this case were identical to those described in the literature for ischemic myelopathy caused by FCE in the horse and other species.

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Ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism in a horse

et al. 2018

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“…This condition has been well characterized in animals, especially dogs [78,79], but also in cats [80,81], horses [82], swine [83], and turkeys [84]. The first human condition was described in a 15-year-old male in 1961; nucleus pulposis emboli were found within the spinal cord arteries at autopsy [85].…”

Section: Causes Of Spinal Cord Infarction In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemic Spinal Cord Infarction in Children Without Vertebral Fracture

Nance

Golomb

2007

Pediatric Neurology

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Spinal cord infarction in children is a rare condition which is becoming more widely recognized. There are few reports in the pediatric literature characterizing etiology, diagnosis, treament and prognosis. The risk factors for pediatric ischemic spinal cord infarction include obstruction of blood flow associated with cardiovascular compromise or malformation, iatrogenic or traumatic vascular inujury, cerebellar herniation, thrombotic or embolic disease, infection, and vasculitis. In many children the cause of spinal cord ischemia in the absence of vertebral fracture is unknown. Imaging diagnosis of spinal cord ischemia is often difficult due to the small transverse area of the cord, cerebrospinal fluid artifact and inadequate resolution of MRI. Physical therapy is the most important treatment option. The prognosis is dependent on the level of spinal cord damage, early identification and reversal of ischemia, and follow-up with intensive physical therapy and medical support. In addition to summarizing the literature regarding spinal cord infarction in children without vertebral fracture, this review article adds two cases to the literature which highlight the difficulties and controversies in the management of this condition.

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“…14 Fibrocartilaginous embolism has most commonly been associated with exercise or vigorous activity. 5,8,9,14 For dogs, giant and large breeds are more commonly affected. 8,9 No age predisposition had been identified; cases are most common for dogs between the ages 3 and 7 years but have been recorded for dogs as young as 4 months old.…”

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confidence: 99%