Spinal Cord Ventral Horns and Lymphoid Organ Involvement in Powassan Virus Infection in a Mouse Model

Santos, Rodrigo I.; Hermance, Meghan E.; Gelman, Benjamin B.; Thangamani, Saravanan

doi:10.3390/v8080220

Cited by 34 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In tissues where lesions were present, severity was scored on a scale of 0–4 with 0 indicating no lesions and 4 indicating severe lesions. Spleen, liver, kidney, heart, lymph node and intestine from the moribund HRTV-infected hamster and a sham-infected control were also processed for IHC following standard protocols (Hermance et al, 2016; Santos et al, 2016). The presence of HRTV antigen was detected in the fixed tissues using a mouse monoclonal antibody against the nucleoprotein (Calvert and Brault, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heartland virus infection in hamsters deficient in type I interferon signaling: Protracted disease course ameliorated by favipiravir

et al. 2017

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Heartland virus (HRTV) is an emerging tick-borne virus (Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus) that has caused sporadic cases of human disease in several central and mid-eastern states of America. Animal models of HRTV disease are needed to gain insights into viral pathogenesis and advancing antiviral drug development. Presence of clinical disease following HRTV challenge in hamsters deficient in STAT2 function underscores the important role played by type I interferon-induced antiviral responses. However, the recovery of most of the infected animals suggests that other mechanisms to control infection and limit disease offer substantial protection. The most prominent disease sign with HRTV infection in STAT2 knockout hamsters was dramatic weight loss with clinical laboratory and histopathology demonstrating acute inflammation in the spleen, lymph node, liver and lung. Finally, we show that HRTV disease in hamsters can be prevented by the use of favipiravir, a promising broad-spectrum antiviral in clinical development for the treatment of influenza.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heartland virus infection in hamsters deficient in type I interferon signaling: Protracted disease course ameliorated by favipiravir

et al. 2017

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“…TBFVs can be divided into two groups based on their different tissue tropisms. Due to the high affinity of the virus for neural tissue, neurological disease manifestation is a characteristic pathogenetic scheme in TBEV, LIV, and POWV infections (70,(72)(73)(74)(75)(76). In contrast, KFDV, AHFV, and OHFV infections are typically associated with hemorrhagic manifestations, although neurotropism has been described for KFDV (68,(77)(78)(79)(80).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Flaviviruses, with a Focus on Powassan Virus

2018

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SUMMARYThe tick-borne pathogen Powassan virus is a rare cause of encephalitis in North America and the Russian Far East. The number of documented cases described since the discovery of Powassan virus in 1958 may be <150, although detection of cases has increased over the past decade. In the United States, the incidence of Powassan virus infections expanded from the estimated 1 case per year prior to 2005 to 10 cases per year during the subsequent decade. The increased detection rate may be associated with several factors, including enhanced surveillance, the availability of improved laboratory diagnostic methods, the expansion of the vector population, and, perhaps, altered human activities that lead to more exposure. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether Powassan virus is indeed an emerging threat or if enzootic cycles in nature remain more-or-less stable with periodic fluctuations of host and vector population sizes. Despite the low disease incidence, the approximately 10% to 15% case fatality rate of neuroinvasive Powassan virus infection and the temporary or prolonged sequelae in >50% of survivors make Powassan virus a medical concern requiring the attention of public health authorities and clinicians. The medical importance of Powassan virus justifies more research on developing specific and effective treatments and prevention and control measures.

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“…(), Pettersson & Fiz‐Palacios (), Proutski, Gould, & Holmes (), Santos et al. (), Smith et al. (), Thind & Price (), Whitney & Jamnback (), Zarnke & Yuill ().…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Experimental studies on different species of mice reported the time between exposure and onset of symptoms to be between 2–6 days with an average survival time of 8 days (Hermance & Thangamani, ; Holbrook et al., ; Isachkova, Shestopalova, Frolova, & Reingold, ; Johnson, ; McLean & Donohue, ; Mlera, Meade‐White, Saturday et al, ; Santos, Hermance, Gelman, & Thangamani, ; Weiner, Cole, & Nathanson, ). Symptoms included ruffled fur, general malaise, weight loss, weak grip, hunched posture and limited mobility, which then progressed to neurological illness including meningoencephalitis and paralysis of the limbs (Hermance & Thangamani, ; Holbrook et al., ; Isachkova et al., ; Johnson, ; Khozinskaya, Chunikhin, Khozinsky, & Stefutkina, ; McLean & Donohue, ; Mlera, Meade‐White, Saturday, et al., ; Santos et al., ). One study reported an incubation period which varied from 3–4 to 3–8 days in relation to the age of the mice (Weiner et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%