Spirometric Reference Equations for Healthy Children Aged 6 to 11 Years in Taiwan

Tsai, Min Juei; Jeng, Mei Jy; Chang, Hua Lun; Tsao, Pei Chen; Yang, Chia Feng; Peng, Yu Yun; Lee, Yu Sheng; Soong, Wen‐Jue; Tang, Ren-Bin

doi:10.1016/s1726-4901(10)70017-4

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Table 4 compared the predicted values of FVC, FEV 1 , PEF and MMEF obtained from the developed equations and the existing reference prediction equations of Kui Feng et al [11], Meng-Chiao Tsai et al [8], Masato Takase et al [26], John Hankinson et al [27], and Mary S. M. Ip et al [6] based on the validation subset. No significant difference was found in males, indicating the developed predictive models were comparable to the existing ones in males, whereas in females non-significance was found only for PEF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ip et al used regression equations to predict normative spirometric values for children aged 7–19 years in Hong Kong in May 1995-December, 1996 [6]. Tsai et al used similar equations for children aged 6–11 years in Northern Taiwan in June 2004 – January 2005 [8]. Feng et al applied the equations to an age-specific population of Korean children and adolescents in China in August-October, 2008 [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is imperative to develop population-specific spirometric prediction equations to ensure the reliability of the lung function evaluation [5]. There have been several studies on spirometric reference values for healthy children in Hong Kong [6]–[7], Taiwan [8]–[9] and Singapore [10]. Pulmonary function parameters are known to vary with age, sex, height, weight, race, socioeconomic environment and geographic location [11]–[13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictive Equations Using Regression Analysis of Pulmonary Function for Healthy Children in Northeast China

Wang

Dong

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThere have been few published studies on spirometric reference values for healthy children in China. We hypothesize that there would have been changes in lung function that would not have been precisely predicted by the existing spirometric reference equations. The objective of the study was to develop more accurate predictive equations for spirometric reference values for children aged 9 to 15 years in Northeast China.Methodology/Principal FindingsSpirometric measurements were obtained from 3,922 children, including 1,974 boys and 1,948 girls, who were randomly selected from five cities of Liaoning province, Northeast China, using the ATS (American Thoracic Society) and ERS (European Respiratory Society) standards. The data was then randomly split into a training subset containing 2078 cases and a validation subset containing 1844 cases. Predictive equations used multiple linear regression techniques with three predictor variables: height, age and weight. Model goodness of fit was examined using the coefficient of determination or the R2 and adjusted R2. The predicted values were compared with those obtained from the existing spirometric reference equations. The results showed the prediction equations using linear regression analysis performed well for most spirometric parameters. Paired t-tests were used to compare the predicted values obtained from the developed and existing spirometric reference equations based on the validation subset. The t-test for males was not statistically significant (p>0.01). The predictive accuracy of the developed equations was higher than the existing equations and the predictive ability of the model was also validated.Conclusion/SignificanceWe developed prediction equations using linear regression analysis of spirometric parameters for children aged 9–15 years in Northeast China. These equations represent the first attempt at predicting lung function for Chinese children following the ATS/ERS Task Force 2005 guidelines on spirometry standardization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictive Equations Using Regression Analysis of Pulmonary Function for Healthy Children in Northeast China

Wang

Dong

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Although several spirometric reference values for Chinese have been published (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), the major disadvantages in these studies limited the nationwide use, including small samples, limited age ranges, small local regions, as well as different study protocols and quality control. Without LLNs for nationwide Chinese, a fixed 0.7 of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV 1 /FVC) instead of LLNs was frequently applied for the diagnosis of "airflow limitation" in previous studies (7,23,24), leading possible underdiagnosis in younger subjects and over diagnosis in elderly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values for spirometry in Chinese aged 4–80 years

et al. 2017

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Chinese measured spirometry data. The present study also compared with other published Chinese equations for spirometry. Results: A total of 7,115 eligible individuals aged 4 to 80 years (50.9% females) were recruited. Reference equations against age and height by gender were established, including predicted values and lower limits of normal (LLNs). Validated with Chinese data, the mean percentage differences of Caucasian reference values adjusted with ethnic conversion factors were −10.2% to 1.8%, and the percentages of total subjects under LLNs were 0.1% to 8.9%. Compared with this study, the percentage differences of previous Chinese studies ranged from −17.8% to 11.4%, which were found to significantly overestimate or underestimate lung IntroductionSpirometry has been widely used for diagnosing respiratory diseases, quantifying disease severity, and assessing disease prognosis (1,2). Accurate interpretation of spirometry requires appropriate reference values derived from its own ancestry population (3), including lower limits of normal (LLNs), which could be helpful for assessment of abnormal pulmonary function in patients with pulmonary diseases.There are over 40 million overseas Chinese (4) and 1.3 billion mainland Chinese (5) in the world (about 22% of the global population), indicating the huge medical demand (6). Embarrassingly, standardized nationwide spirometric reference values for Chinese were unavailable.In 2012, Global Lung Function Initiative (3) recommended multi-ethnic reference values for African-Americans, Southeast Asians (SEA-GLI2012) and Northeast Asians (NEA-GLI2012), which were largely established with Caucasian data and adjusted with fixed ethnic conversion factors in the whole age range. In addition, other Caucasian reference values adjusted with fixed ethnic conversion factors were also applied in China (7,8), such as European Committee of Steel and Coal equations adjusted for Chinese with the suggestion of Zheng et al. (Chinese-ECSC1993) (9,10), and the third national health and nutrition examination surveys equations adjusted with 0.88 times for Asian-American (Asian-NHANESIII 0.88) (11,12). Given the dynamic changes of gene, economic, environment, nutrition and et al., it remains unknown whether those fixed ethnic conversion factors reliably reflect the difference of spirometry between Caucasians and Chinese.Although several spirometric reference values for Chinese have been published (13-22), the major disadvantages in these studies limited the nationwide use, including small samples, limited age ranges, small local regions, as well as different study protocols and quality control. Without LLNs for nationwide Chinese, a fixed 0.7 of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV 1 /FVC) instead of LLNs was frequently applied for the diagnosis of "airflow limitation" in previous studies (7,23,24), leading possible underdiagnosis in younger subjects and over diagnosis in elderly. Moreover, In the nationwide questionnaire surveys on clinical application of pulmon...

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“…Many physical factors that are correlated with pulmonary function are height, weight, sex, and BMI. [12] BMI is considered to be the best variable for anthropometric evaluation in nutritional and the general health screening. [13] In our study, we have observed a positive correlation among all the lung function parameters with BMI, when BMI of participants is within the normal range for their age and sex but there were negative correlation with increasing BMI, i.e., >25.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of gender and body mass index with pulmonary function tests in medical and paramedical students of Muzaffarnagar Medical College

Aggarwal¹,

Singh²,

Sharma³

et al. 2017

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol

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Background: Obesity is a newer chronic non-communicable disease, one of the today's most neglected public health problems according to WHO. While the complication of obesity such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoarthritis are well established, but less emphasis is traditionally placed on the effects of obesity on the respiratory system. Aims and Objective: To study the effect of gender and correlation of body mass index (BMI) with pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Materials and Methods: This study was done on 115 first year Medical and Paramedical Students of Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar. Following the selection, the participants were divided into two groups based on BMI < 25 and BMI > 25. Anthropomeric parameters and spirometeric parameters were measured using a computerized spirometer. Statistical analysis was done by applying Student's t-test. Linear association was established using Pearson's correlation. Results: On comparing the female participants with male participants, PFTs (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expired volume in 1 second [FEV1], FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate) were found to be significantly lower in female than male. On observing, the correlation of pulmonary function parameter with BMI correlated positively with BMI < 25. PFTs were negatively correlated with increasing BMI in both male and female participants but the correlation is not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our finding suggests that there is a significant impairment of lung functions in the overweight individuals.

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Spirometric Reference Equations for Healthy Children Aged 6 to 11 Years in Taiwan

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Predictive Equations Using Regression Analysis of Pulmonary Function for Healthy Children in Northeast China

Predictive Equations Using Regression Analysis of Pulmonary Function for Healthy Children in Northeast China

Reference values for spirometry in Chinese aged 4–80 years

Correlation of gender and body mass index with pulmonary function tests in medical and paramedical students of Muzaffarnagar Medical College

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