Spiroplasma phoeniceum sp. nov., a New Plant-Pathogenic Species from Syria

Saillard, Colette; Vignault, J.C.; Bové, Joseph M.; Raie, A.; Tully, Joseph G.; Williamson, David L.; Fos, A.; Garnier, M.; Gadeau, Alain‐Pierre; Carle, Patricia; Whitcomb, Robert F.

doi:10.1099/00207713-37-2-106

Cited by 71 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The history and origin of most of these strains have been described (37). These strains included the Maryland flower spiroplasma (ATCC 33502, subgroup 1-6); strain N525 of the Cocos spiroplasma (ATCC 33287, subgroup 1-7); strain P40T of Spiroplasma phoeniceum (ATCC 43115, subgroup [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]; the WSRO strain of Drosophila sex ratio organism (group 11); the OBMG (ATCC 33221) and 23-6T (ATCC 29984) strains of S .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiroplasma culicicola sp. nov. from the Salt Marsh Mosquito Aedes sollicitans

Hung

Chen

Whitcomb

et al. 1987

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Spiroplasma strain AES-1, which was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito Aedes sollicitans, is the monotypic representative of group X. This strain differed in serological reactivity, growth pattern, and morphology from previously described spiroplasmas. Most cells of strain AES-1 were nonhelical; helical cells were about 1 to 2 p m long and rarely had more than one or two turns. Optimal growth occurred at 31°C; no growth was observed at 37°C. Cholesterol and amino acids were required for growth. Strain AES-1 utilized glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, and trehalose in the chemically defined CC-494 medium, failed to hydrolyze arginine and urea but reduced tellurite either aerobically or anaerobically, and was susceptible to digitonin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of the cell proteins of strain AES-1 were distinctive and were characterized by a major low-molecular-weight protein band. The guanine-plus-cytosine content was 26.6 mol% as determined by thermal denaturation. Serological studies, using growth inhibition, deformation, and metabolism inhibition tests, showed that strain AES-1 was distinct from all recognized spiroplasma groups and subgroups, including the six named Spiroplasma species; avidin-biotin-peroxidase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that strain AES-1 was unrelated to S. citri, S. melliferum, S . kunkelii, S . JEoricola, and S . apis. Strain AES-1 is the first to be characterized biochemically in a chemically defined medium. We propose that strain AES-1 (ATCC 35112) be designated as the monotypic representative of a new species, Spiroplasma culicicola sp. nov.Spiroplasma sp. strain AES-1 was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito Aedes sollicitans in 1981 (40). More recent isolations of spiroplasmas in the French Alps (lo), Alabama (38a), and Hawaii (L. Rosen, personal communication) suggest that species of this genus may be widespread in mosquitos. Strain AES-1 was designated (49) as group X in a revised (47,49) classification (27) of the genus Spiroplasma (39,46). We characterized strain AES-1 according to criteria (25) proposed by the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on Taxonomy of Mollicutes. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of strain AES-1 and propose that it be recognized as the type strain of a new Spiroplasma species. MATERIALS AND METHODSOrigin of isolate. Strain AES-lT was isolated from a salt marsh mosquito in New Jersey in 1981 by Slaff and Chen (40) in R-2 medium, a modification of the C-3G medium (29) consisting of 150 g of PPLO broth base (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.), 100 g of sucrose, and 150 ml of horse serum per liter. The isolate was triply cloned by plating on solid R-2 medium with 1% Noble agar.Other spiroplasmas were employed in comparative tests with strain AES-lT. The history and origin of most of these strains have been described (37). These strains included Culture media. R-2 medium was used for cultivation of strain AES-1, S . apis SR3, and for all strains used in enzyme-linked immunosorben...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiroplasma culicicola sp. nov. from the Salt Marsh Mosquito Aedes sollicitans

Hung

Chen

Whitcomb

et al. 1987

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…The origin and history of spiroplasma isolates representing group I (subgroups 1-1 through 1-7) and groups I1 through XI have been given in detail earlier (17,30,31). The isolation (21) and characterization (20) summarized by Clark and associates (in press): DU-I from Diabrotica undecimpunctata (beetle), EC-1 from Ellychnia corrusca (beetle), 1-25 from Cicadulina bipunctella bipunctella (leafhopper), PUP-1 from Photuris pennsylvanicus (firefly), W115 from the flower of an ornamental Prunus plant, CC-1 from Cantharis carolinus (beetle), TG-1 from Tabanus gladiator (horsefly), and CT-1 from Culex tritaeniorhynchus (mosquito). The Ar-1343 and Ar-1357 strains were recovered from Aedes sticticuslvexans and Aedes cantanslannulipes mosquitoes, respectively, in the French Alps by Chaste1 and colleagues (6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mirum [24], respectively). In addition, following recommendations by the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes (15) for elevation of group I subgroups to species levels, we recently characterized representatives of subgroups I-2,1-3, and 1-8 as Spiroplasma melliferum (9), Spiroplasma kunkelii (29), and Spiroplasma phoeniceum (20), respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Revised Group Classification of the Genus Spiroplasma (Class Mollicutes), with Proposed New Groups XII to XXIII

Tully

Rose

Clark

et al. 1987

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Fourteen spiroplasma strains, primarily of insect origin, were analyzed according to criteria previously proposed for description of new serogroups of the genus Spiroplasma. When tested by reciprocal metabolism inhibition, growth inhibition, and deformation serological procedures, 12 of the strains were serologically unrelated to each other and to representative strains previously assigned to groups I to XI and subgroups 1-1 to 1-8. Examination by dark-field and electron microscopy indicated that each of the 12 strains possessed morphological features typical of spiroplasmas (helicity , motility, lack of a cell wall, and absence of periplasmic fibrils). All strains were resistant to 500 U of penicillin per ml and catabolized glucose but were unable to hydrolyze urea. Ability to hydrolyze arginine varied among strains. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the deoxyribonucleic acid of the 12 strains varied from 24 to 29 mol%. Two other strains (MQ-6 and Ar-1357) shared only a partial serological relationship to strain CC-1 (group XVI), suggesting that this group may consist of an assemblage of heterogeneous serovars. On the basis of the unique serological distinctions and other properties reported herein, we propose that the 12 representative strains be assigned new consecutive group designations XI1 to XXIII.

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“…Other spiroplasmas were compared with strain Ar-1343T spiroplasma. These included Spiroplasma citri Maroc R8A2T (ATCC 27556) (subgroup 1-1 [28,39] Filtration studies. An M1D broth culture of strain Ar-1343T that had been incubated for 1 day at 22°C was passed through a series of membrane filters with graded pore diameters (450, 300, 220, and 100 nm) by using a hypodermic syringe and minimum hand pressure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%