Spirotox — A new tool for testing the toxicity of volatile compounds

Nałęcz-Jawecki, Grzegorz; Sawicki, J.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00482-2

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, what is most useful is its very high resistance to low levels of oxygen. This enabled the creation of the Spirotox-volatile procedure (Nałęcz-Jawecki, Sawicki, 1999). Now we are working on the Spirotox-Direct Contact Test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For several days it can live in anoxic conditions (data not published). So a special Spirotox-volatile procedure was developed for evaluating the toxicity of organic compounds (Nałęcz-Jawecki and Sawicki, 1999). Shortly after introducing the protozoa into the wells of the microplate, each well was greased with silicone fat, and the microplate was tightly closed with a polyethylene film.…”

Section: Simple Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During intensive studies on the toxicity of organics toward Spirotox, a database comprising more than 110 compounds was created (Nałęcz-Jawecki and Sawicki, 1999. The toxicity results varied over a range of 6.5 orders of magnitude from smallest to largest.…”

Section: Simple Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxicity results varied over a range of 6.5 orders of magnitude from smallest to largest. The least toxic compounds were organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, acetone, and DMF, with a 24-h EC 50 of more than 100 mmol/L (Nałęcz-Jawecki and Sawicki, 1999). The most toxic ones were polychlorinated phenols and dinitrobenzenes, with a 24-h EC 50 of less than 0.01 mmol/L (Nałęcz-Jawecki and .…”

Section: Simple Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spirotox—Spirostomum ambiguum acute toxicity test—10 years of experience

Nałęcz-Jawecki¹

2004

Environmental Toxicology

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Spirotox is a short-term acute toxicity test with a large ciliated protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum. The test was created in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, during the early 1990s. It was presented for the first time during the 6th International Symposium on Toxicity Assessment, in Berlin in 1993. S. ambiguum was very resistant to a wide range of environmental conditions, especially to pH and dissolved oxygen. Over the last 10 years the sensitivity of S. ambiguum to many classes of toxicants was evaluated. Spirotox was found to be very sensitive to heavy metals, fungicides, and pharmaceuticals used to cure diseases of the human nervous system. On the other hand, it was generally less sensitive than standard bioassays to simple organics. Spirotox was also used for analysis of cyanobacterial blooms. Though it was moderately sensitive to hepatotoxins, the test seems to be a good tool for evaluation of the entire toxicity of blooms. The last but not the least of the applications of the Spirotox test was evaluation of the toxicity of extracts from medical devices. Protozoa, which are the simplest eukaryotes, seem to be good screening bioassays for monitoring the technology of medical device production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simple Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simple Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simple Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spirotox—Spirostomum ambiguum acute toxicity test—10 years of experience

Nałęcz-Jawecki¹

2004

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Thus, the toxicity endpoints cannot be calculated. The volatile organic compounds should be tested with a special procedure (Na³êcz-Jawecki and Sawicki, 1999). However, volatility can not be the only reason for the decrease of PNP toxicity, since in the case of DCP the results of both assays with rotifer are similar.…”

Section: Brachionus Calyciflorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short ingestion tests as alternative proposal for conventional range finding assays with Thamnocephalus platyurus and Brachionus calyciflorus

Jawecki

Szczesny

Solecka

et al. 2011

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSRACT:The goal of this study was to evaluate whether short 1 h sublethal assays may predict the results of 24 h lethality assays with rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus and anostracan crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus. The test bionts were hatched from cysts. Inhibition of ingestion was observed after 15 min of incubation of rotifers and crustaceans with the suspension of carmine and latex beads, respectively. Nine compounds with different modes of action were used as toxicants zinc ions, sodium dodecyl sulphate, p-nitrophenol, 3, 5-dichlorophenol and pharmaceuticals propranolol, fluoxetine, abamectin, doramectin and ivermectin. The toxicity values observed in the ingestion tests were very close to the mortality values over a wide range of toxicity from a low toxic surfactant to very toxic avermectins. The ratio between the 1 h EC 50 's in the ingestion test and the 24 h LC 50 's in the lethality test was below 2 in all cases for rotifers, and 7 in 9 cases for crustaceans. The toxicity of zinc and 3,5-dichlorophenol in the Thamnotoxkit F™ was 15-fold higher and 10 fold lower than in the ingestion test, respectively. The 24 h LC 50 values are within the range of 25-400 % of the 1 h EC 50 values for almost all toxicants tested with the exception of p-nitrophenol for B. calyciflorus and zinc and 3, 5-dichlorophenol for T. platyurus. Short, 1 h ingestion assays Rotoxrapid and Rapidtoxkit are good predictors of the mortality over the next 24 h and can be used as a range finding tests for representatives of pharmaceuticals and surfactants.

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Ciliated Protists as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessment

2004

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In recent years, much research has been done to assess the toxicity of various compounds in a series of biotests using several organisms. The appeal of these tests lies in their simplicity and high degree of reproducibility (2). On the other hand, test organisms for assessing environmental risk and impact must possess a lot of desirable features: they must be eukaryotic, their biology and general responses must be well known, the laboratory handling must be relatively easy, and a short generation time is desirable whenever studies of long‐term effects are necessary (3). Ciliated protists fulfill all those requirements. Furthermore, as they have a wide distribution and ecological significance, performing key functions in energy flow and elementary cycling in aquatic foodwebs, they can be ideal early warning indicators of aquatic ecosystem deterioration. Recently, the use of ciliates in toxicological tests has been investigated and their potential in standard bioassays has been demonstrated in aquatic environments and even elsewhere.

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Spirotox — A new tool for testing the toxicity of volatile compounds

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Spirotox—Spirostomum ambiguum acute toxicity test—10 years of experience

Spirotox—Spirostomum ambiguum acute toxicity test—10 years of experience

Short ingestion tests as alternative proposal for conventional range finding assays with Thamnocephalus platyurus and Brachionus calyciflorus

Ciliated Protists as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessment

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