Spleen: Development, anatomy and reactive lymphoid proliferations

Crane, Genevieve M.; Liu, Yen-Chun; Chadburn, Amy

doi:10.1053/j.semdp.2020.06.003

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The spleen is well known for its function in the degradation of red blood cells and the immune response against blood-borne antigens, especially those of encapsulated bacteria [ 11 , 12 ]. Moreover, the spleen is critical for B cell development and, uniquely, all major peripheral B cell populations (B1a-, B1b-, B2-, marginal zone (MZ) B cells) can be found here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorated Autoimmune Arthritis and Impaired B Cell Receptor-Mediated Ca2+ Influx in Nkx2-3 Knock-out Mice

Khanfar

Olasz

Gábris

et al. 2020

IJMS

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B cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. In Nkx2-3-deficient mice (Nkx2-3−/−) the spleen’s histological structure is fundamentally changed; therefore, B cell homeostasis is seriously disturbed. Based on this, we were curious, whether autoimmune arthritis could be induced in Nkx2-3−/− mice and how B cell activation and function were affected. We induced arthritis with immunization of recombinant human proteoglycan aggrecan G1 domain in Nkx2-3−/− and control BALB/c mice. We followed the clinical picture, characterized the radiological changes, the immune response, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling of B cells. Incidence of the autoimmune arthritis was lower, and the disease severity was milder in Nkx2-3−/− mice than in control BALB/c mice. The radiological changes were in line with the clinical picture. In Nkx2-3−/− mice, we measured decreased antigen-induced proliferation and cytokine production in spleen cell cultures; in the sera, we found less anti-CCP-IgG2a, IL-17 and IFNγ, but more IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-6. B cells isolated from the lymph nodes of Nkx2-3−/− mice showed decreased intracellular Ca2+ signaling compared to those isolated from BALB/c mice. Our findings show that the transcription factor Nkx2-3 might regulate the development of autoimmune arthritis most likely through modifying B cell activation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorated Autoimmune Arthritis and Impaired B Cell Receptor-Mediated Ca2+ Influx in Nkx2-3 Knock-out Mice

Khanfar

Olasz

Gábris

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Additionally, published literatures indicated that the development of liver fibrosis might lead to pathological changes in spleen [45][46][47] . It was well-established that spleen was mainly composed of lymphoid tissue, which served as the center of the blood defense system, and thus was essential for eliminating pathogens and immune homeostatic [48][49][50] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 limits hepatic inflammatory cells recruitment and promotes bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis

Xie

Liu

et al. 2021

Cell Death Dis

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Liver fibrosis is a course of chronic liver dysfunction, can develop into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammatory insult owing to pathogenic factors plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) can affect the infiltration of immune cells in many pathology processes of diseases, but its role in liver fibrosis has not been elucidated completely. Here, the markedly elevated protein IDO1 in livers was identified, and dendritic cells (DCs) immune-phenotypes were significantly altered after BDL challenge. A distinct hepatic population of CD11c+DCs was decreased and presented an immature immune-phenotype, reflected by lower expression levels of co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, MHCII). Frequencies of CD11c+CD80+, CD11c+CD86+, CD11c+MHCII+, and CD11c+CD40+ cells in splenic leukocytes were reduced significantly. Notably, IDO1 overexpression inhibited hepatic, splenic CD11c+DCs maturation, mature DCs-mediated T-cell proliferation and worsened liver fibrosis, whereas above pathological phenomena were reversed in IDO1−/− mice. Our data demonstrate that IDO1 affects the process of immune cells recruitment via inhibiting DCs maturation and subsequent T cells proliferation, resulting in the promotion of hepatic fibrosis. Thus, amelioration of immune responses in hepatic and splenic microenvironment by targeting IDO1 might be essential for the therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis.

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“…The spleen plays a key role in red blood cell turnover, removing aged or abnormal cells, and in innate and adaptive immune function. 27 It may also sequester blood elements and serve as a secondary site of normal or abnormal hematopoiesis in various disease states. Phagocytosis is performed by splenic macrophages and involves the consumption of aged or abnormal red blood cells.…”

Section: Question/discussion Points Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spleen can be divided into red pulp, which includes the cords and sinusoids involved in blood filtration, and white pulp, the lymphoid compartment of the spleen. The majority of splenic parenchyma is composed of the red pulp, 27 which includes cordal macrophages and a reticular framework that is rich in capillaries. A fraction of the blood that enters the spleen will pass through the splenic sinusoids during each pass.…”

Section: Question/discussion Points Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Educational Case: Differentiating Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura From Other Thrombotic Microangiopathies and Potential Role of the Spleen

Nichols

Crane

2021

Academic Pathology

Self Cite

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The following fictional case is intended as a learning tool within the Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME), a set of national standards for teaching pathology. These are divided into three basic competencies: Disease Mechanisms and Processes, Organ System Pathology, and Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology. For additional information, and a full list of learning objectives for all three competencies, see http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374289517715040 .1

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Spleen: Development, anatomy and reactive lymphoid proliferations

Cited by 26 publications

References 81 publications

Ameliorated Autoimmune Arthritis and Impaired B Cell Receptor-Mediated Ca2+ Influx in Nkx2-3 Knock-out Mice

Ameliorated Autoimmune Arthritis and Impaired B Cell Receptor-Mediated Ca2+ Influx in Nkx2-3 Knock-out Mice

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 limits hepatic inflammatory cells recruitment and promotes bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis

Educational Case: Differentiating Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura From Other Thrombotic Microangiopathies and Potential Role of the Spleen

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