Splenectomy for Suspected Malignant Lymphoma in Two Patients with Loiasis

Burchard, Gerd; Reimold-Jehle, Ulrike; Bürkle, V.; Kretschmer, Harald; Vierbuchen, M.; Rácz, Paul; Lo, Y. S. Archie

doi:10.1093/clinids/23.5.979

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Hypo-echogenic spleen lesions had been reported in two patients with loiasis; 38 both patients had splenectomies because of suspected lymphoma. However, histologic examination showed eosinophilic granulomata containing L. loa microfilariae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Loiasis with Peripheral Nerve Involvement and Spleen Lesions

Gobbi

Boussinesq²,

Mascarello³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Loiasis, which is caused by the filarial nematode Loa loa, affects millions of persons living in the rainforest areas and savannah regions of central Africa. Typical manifestations are calabar swellings and the eyeworm. We report a case of loiasis with unusual clinical complications: a peripheral neuropathy and focal hypo-echogenic lesions of the spleen, which disappeared after treatment with albendazole and ivermectin. The literature reports that L. loa infection can be associated with various manifestations, some of them being serious. More information is needed to better characterize the protean manifestations of the disease in loiasis-endemic areas to evaluate the true incidence of loiasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Loiasis with Peripheral Nerve Involvement and Spleen Lesions

Gobbi

Boussinesq²,

Mascarello³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Several specimens of a spleen extirpated from a 24-year-old German, who had been travelling in Nigeria and Cameroon, were kindly supplied by Prof. GD Burchard [24]. Further adult worms and a sample of spleen were collected in Cameroon from an experimentally infected two-year-old drill ( Mandrillus leucophaeus ) born in captivity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obligatory symbiotic Wolbachia endobacteria are absent from Loa loa

et al. 2003

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Background: Many filarial nematodes harbour Wolbachia endobacteria. These endobacteria are transmitted vertically from one generation to the next. In several filarial species that have been studied to date they are obligatory symbionts of their hosts. Elimination of the endobacteria by antibiotics interrupts the embryogenesis and hence the production of microfilariae. The medical implication of this being that the use of doxycycline for the treatment of human onchocerciasis and bancroftian filariasis leads to elimination of the Wolbachia and hence sterilisation of the female worms. Wolbachia play a role in the immunopathology of patients and may contribute to side effects seen after antifilarial chemotherapy. In several studies Wolbachia were not observed in Loa loa. Since these results have been doubted, and because of the medical significance, several independent methods were applied to search for Wolbachia in L. loa.

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“…In contrast, peripheral blood eosinophilia (95.3%) [8][9][10][11][12]14,16,[18][19][20]25,29,31,34,38,[43][44][45][49][50][51]56,59,60,62,[64][65][66]68,69,73,76,[79][80][81]83,84,90 (and PR) and Calabar swellings (65.2%) 10,18,20,25,29,38,44,45,49,50,53,56,57,60,…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imported Loa loa filariasis: three cases and a review of cases reported in non-endemic countries in the past 25 years

Antinori

Schifanella

Million

et al. 2012

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The aim of this study was to highlight the increasing chance of Western physicians encountering patients (both immigrants and expatriates/travelers) seeking help for loiasis. Methods: We describe three cases of imported loiasis observed at two hospitals in Italy and France, and present a review of all previously published cases in the medical literature in the last 25 years . The search was performed using PubMed and Scopus databases using the terms ''Loa loa'' AND ''loiasis''. Results: We reviewed 101 cases of imported loiasis of which 61 (60.4%) were reported from Europe and 31 (30.7%) from the USA. Seventy-five percent of infestations were acquired in three countries: Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Overall, peripheral blood microfilariae were detected in 61.4% of patients, eosinophilia in 82.1%, eye worm migration in 53.5%, and Calabar swellings in 41.6%. However, Calabar swellings and eosinophilia were more common among expatriates/travelers, whereas African immigrants were more likely to have microfilaremia. Eye worm migration was observed in a similar proportion in the two groups. Only 35 patients (including the three described here) underwent clinical follow-up for a median period of 10.5 months (range 1-84 months); clinical relapse occurred in three of these patients and persistence or reappearance of blood microfilaria in another two. Conclusions: Due to increasing travel and the migration of people from the endemic countries of West Africa to Europe and the USA, we speculate on the possible emergence of loiasis. Western physicians should be aware of the typical (eye worm migration and Calabar swellings) as well as unusual clinical presentations.

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Splenectomy for Suspected Malignant Lymphoma in Two Patients with Loiasis

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Loiasis with Peripheral Nerve Involvement and Spleen Lesions

Loiasis with Peripheral Nerve Involvement and Spleen Lesions

Obligatory symbiotic Wolbachia endobacteria are absent from Loa loa

Imported Loa loa filariasis: three cases and a review of cases reported in non-endemic countries in the past 25 years

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