Split-root approach reveals localized root responses towards apple replant disease (ARD) in terms of ARD biomarker gene expression and content of phenolic compounds

Rohr, Annmarie-Deetja; Staudt, Jannika; Cziborra, Katharina; Fritz, Annabel; Schmitz, Michaela; Winkelmann, Traud

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110117

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Plant height, stem diameter, and relative leaf chlorophyll content are the most direct manifestations of plant growth status [32]. Studies showed that reduced plant growth (or biomass) is one of the main phenotypic parameters of ARD infection [25,[33][34][35][36]. In this experiment, the plant heights and the stem thicknesses of T337 and M26 were significantly affected by ARD, whereas 12-2 was not affected.…”

Section: Effect Of Ard On Plant Height Stem Diametermentioning

confidence: 60%

Detection of Above-Ground Physiological Indices of an Apple Rootstock Superior Line 12-2 with Improved Apple Replant Disease (ARD) Resistance

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: The cultivation of resistant rootstocks is an effective way to prevent ARD. (2) Methods: 12-2 (self-named), T337, and M26 were planted in replanted and sterilized soil. The aboveground physiological indices were determined. (3) Results: The plant heights and the stem thicknesses of T337 and M26 were significantly affected by ARD. Relative chlorophyll content (June–October), Pn (August–September), and Gs (August) of T337 and relative chlorophyll content (June–July, September), Pn (September–October), and Ci (September) of M26 were significantly affected by ARD. ARD had a significant effect on Fv/Fm (June), qP (June–July), and NPQ of T337 (June–October, except August) and Fv/Fm (June) and NPQ (June-October, except July) of M26. Additionally, ARD affected Rfd of M26 and T337 during August. SOD (August and October), POD (August–September), and CAT (July-August, October) activities and MDA (September–October) content of T338 as well as SOD (July–October), POD (June–October), and CAT (July-October) activities and MDA (July, September–October) content of M26 were significantly affected by ARD. ARD significantly reduced nitrogen (October), phosphorus (September–October), and zinc (July) contents of M26 and potassium (June) content of T337. The above physiological indices were not affected by ARD in 12-2. (4) Conclusions: 12-2 could be useful as an important rootstock to relieve ARD due to strong resistance.

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Section: Effect Of Ard On Plant Height Stem Diametermentioning

confidence: 60%

Detection of Above-Ground Physiological Indices of an Apple Rootstock Superior Line 12-2 with Improved Apple Replant Disease (ARD) Resistance

et al. 2021

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“…Interestingly, intramolecular cyclization of 2ʹ,3-dihydroxy-5-methoxybiphenyl ( 11 ) forms 2-hydroxy-4-methoxydibenzofuran ( 66 ), which was found for the first time in apple (Weiß et al 2017a ). In fact, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxydibenzofuran ( 66 ) is the predominant dibenzofuran in nearly all apple root samples studied (Reim et al 2020 ; Rohr et al 2020 ; Balbín-Suárez et al 2021 ; Busnena et al 2021 ). Thus, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybiphenyl ( 1 ) seems to be the target of 2ʹ-hydroxylation and the resulting product, 2ʹ,3-dihydroxy-5-methoxybiphenyl ( 11 ), seems to be the branch point of the biphenyl and the dibenzofuran biosynthetic routes in apple (Fig.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Biphenyls and Dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The roots of diseased apple plants contain higher amounts of phenolics and antioxidants than healthy roots (Henfrey et al 2015 ; Rohr et al 2021 ). Specifically, the roots accumulate higher amounts of biphenyls and dibenzofurans (Kanfra et al 2018 ; Reim et al 2020 ; Rohr et al 2020 ; Busnena et al 2021 ). These phytoalexins were detected for the first time in roots of the apple rootstock M26 when cultivated in ARD-affected soil (Weiß et al 2017a ).…”

Section: Apple Replant-diseased Soil As An In Vivo Model For Phytoale...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biphenyls and dibenzofurans of the rosaceous subtribe Malinae and their role as phytoalexins

Busnena,

Beerhues,

Liu

2023

Planta

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Main conclusion Biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins are differentially distributed among species of the rosaceous subtribe Malinae, which includes apple and pear, and exhibit varying inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Abstract Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are specialized metabolites, which are formed in species of the rosaceous subtribe Malinae upon elicitation by biotic and abiotic inducers. The subtribe Malinae (previously Pyrinae) comprises approximately 1000 species, which include economically important fruit trees such as apple and pear. The present review summarizes the current status of knowledge of biphenyls and dibenzofurans in the Malinae, mainly focusing on their role as phytoalexins. To date, 46 biphenyls and 41 dibenzofurans have been detected in 44 Malinae species. Structurally, 54 simple molecules, 23 glycosidic compounds and 10 miscellaneous structures were identified. Functionally, 21 biphenyls and 21 dibenzofurans were demonstrated to be phytoalexins. Furthermore, their distribution in species of the Malinae, inhibitory activities against phytopathogens, and structure–activity relationships were studied. The most widely distributed phytoalexins of the Malinae are the three biphenyls aucuparin (3), 2ʹ-methoxyaucuparin (7), and 4ʹ-methoxyaucuparin (9) and the three dibenzofurans α-cotonefuran (47), γ-cotonefuran (49), and eriobofuran (53). The formation of biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins appears to be an essential defense weapon of the Malinae against various stresses. Manipulating phytoalexin formation may enhance the disease resistance in economically important fruit trees. However, this approach requires an extensive understanding of how the compounds are formed. Although the biosynthesis of biphenyls was partially elucidated, formation of dibenzofurans remains largely unclear. Thus, further efforts have to be made to gain deeper insight into the distribution, function, and metabolism of biphenyls and dibenzofurans in the Malinae.

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“…This could mean that they enable easier colonization for potential fungal ARD pathogens. It was shown by Busnena et al (2021) and Rohr et al (2021) that some biphenyl and dibenzofuran compounds are present even under non-ARD conditions. Already at the first plant generation (here grass soil), Streptomyces, triggered and attracted by these phytoalexins, will accumulate over time.…”

Section: Apple Roots Grown In Field Soils Seem To Attract Streptomycesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Bacterial Root Endophytes of Malus domestica Plants Grown in Field Soils Affected by Apple Replant Disease

et al. 2022

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Apple replant disease (ARD) is a worldwide problem for tree nurseries and orchards leading to reduced plant growth and fruit quality. The etiology of this complex phenomenon is poorly understood, but shifts of the bulk soil and rhizosphere microbiome seem to play an important role. Since roots are colonized by microbes from the rhizosphere, studies of the endophytic microbiome in relation to ARD are meaningful. In this study, culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches were used in order to unravel the endophytic root microbiome of apple plants 3, 7, and 12 months after planting in ARD-affected soil and ARD-unaffected control soil at two different field sites. Next to a high diversity of Pseudomonas in roots from all soils, molecular barcoding approaches revealed an increase in relative abundance of endophytic Actinobacteria over time in plants grown in ARD and control plots. Furthermore, several amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) linked to Streptomyces, which had been shown in a previous greenhouse ARD biotest to be negatively correlated to shoot length and fresh mass, were also detected in roots from both field sites. Especially in roots of apple plants from control soil, these Streptomyces ASVs increased in their relative abundance over time. The isolation of 150 bacterial strains in the culture-dependent approach revealed a high diversity of members of the genus Pseudomonas, confirming the data of the molecular barcoding approach. However, only partial overlaps were found between the two approaches, underlining the importance of combining these methods in order to better understand this complex disease and develop possible countermeasures. Overall, this study suggests a key role of Streptomyces in the etiology of ARD in the field.

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Split-root approach reveals localized root responses towards apple replant disease (ARD) in terms of ARD biomarker gene expression and content of phenolic compounds

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

Detection of Above-Ground Physiological Indices of an Apple Rootstock Superior Line 12-2 with Improved Apple Replant Disease (ARD) Resistance

Detection of Above-Ground Physiological Indices of an Apple Rootstock Superior Line 12-2 with Improved Apple Replant Disease (ARD) Resistance

Biphenyls and dibenzofurans of the rosaceous subtribe Malinae and their role as phytoalexins

Dynamics of Bacterial Root Endophytes of Malus domestica Plants Grown in Field Soils Affected by Apple Replant Disease

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