2017
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01639
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Spoiling for a Fight: B Lymphocytes As Initiator and Effector Populations within Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Autoimmunity and Transplantation

Abstract: Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) develop at ectopic sites within chronically inflamed tissues, such as in autoimmunity and rejecting organ allografts. TLOs differ structurally from canonical secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), in that they lack a mantle zone and are not encapsulated, suggesting that they may provide unique immune function. A notable feature of TLOs is the frequent presence of structures typical of germinal centers (GCs). However, little is known about the role of such GCs, and in particular, it i… Show more

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Cited by 52 publications
(53 citation statements)
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References 283 publications
(308 reference statements)
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“…Our results also revealed new mechanistic insights into LF formation as we were able to observe follicle assembly without the addition of any chemical inducer or exogenous stromal or myeloid cells. This finding is consistent with recent studies of tertiary lymphoid organ formation, which suggest that lymphocytes possess all the necessary factors to induce LF formation (35,36).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Our results also revealed new mechanistic insights into LF formation as we were able to observe follicle assembly without the addition of any chemical inducer or exogenous stromal or myeloid cells. This finding is consistent with recent studies of tertiary lymphoid organ formation, which suggest that lymphocytes possess all the necessary factors to induce LF formation (35,36).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…44 TLOs were absent in the allografts of aCD20-treated mice, whereas those of isotype controltreated mice contained many ( Figure 8A-D). 44 TLOs were absent in the allografts of aCD20-treated mice, whereas those of isotype controltreated mice contained many ( Figure 8A-D).…”
Section: B Cell Depletion Prevents Tlo Formation Without Altering Gmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…B cells contribute to TLO development. 44 TLOs were absent in the allografts of aCD20-treated mice, whereas those of isotype controltreated mice contained many ( Figure 8A-D). Overall, these findings reveal that B cells are necessary for TLO formation in this model.…”
Section: B Cell Depletion Prevents Tlo Formation Without Altering Gmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similarly to SLOs, the immune cells infiltrating the target tissue during the inflammatory process behave as inducers of ELS; on the other hand, the resident stromal cells mirror the activity of the mesenchymal LTo as seen during the secondary lymphoid organogenesis . Stromal cells include fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells, and pericytes …”
Section: Regulatory Mechanisms Of the Eln: The Key Role Of Homeostatimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…12,28,29 Stromal cells include fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells, and pericytes. 30 As it happens in SLOs, homeostatic lymphoid chemokines are essential for the correct clustering of B/T cells and the development of adequately arranged lymphoid structures. 14,31 Nevertheless, in nonlymphoid organs, the ectopic generation of lymphoid follicles may require additional signals provided by the chronically inflamed tissue, for example, persistent Ag presentation.…”
Section: Regulatory Mechanisms Of the Eln: The Key Role Of Homeostatimentioning
confidence: 99%