Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Clark, Joseph H.; Fitzgerald, Joseph F.; Kleiman, Martin B.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(84)80536-3

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It is a well known complication of cirrhosis in adults, occurring in 8% to 13% of patients [2][3][4][5] . The diagnosis is established by a positive ascitic fluid bacterial culture and an elevated ascitic fluid absolute polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count (≥ 2.5 × 10 5 /L).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis is established by a positive ascitic fluid bacterial culture and an elevated ascitic fluid absolute polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count (≥ 2.5 × 10 5 /L). In adults, the organisms of SBP are usually gramnegative bacteria [2][3][4]6] , but they may differ in children [5,7] . The aim of the present study was to deter mine the causative agents of SBP in children with liver disease and ascites in our center.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Organisms causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in children with liver disease and ascites in Southern Iran

Haghighat

Dehghani

Alborzi³

et al. 2006

WJG

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INTRODUCTIONSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is defined as an ascitic fluid infection without a demonstrable intraabdominal cause [1] . It is a well known complication of cirrhosis in adults, occurring in 8% to 13% of patients [2][3][4][5] . The diagnosis is established by a positive ascitic fluid bacterial culture and an elevated ascitic fluid absolute polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count (≥ 2.5 × 10 5 /L). In adults, the organisms of SBP are usually gramnegative bacteria [2][3][4]6] , but they may differ in children [5,7] . The aim of the present study was to deter mine the causative agents of SBP in children with liver disease and ascites in our center. MATERIALS AND METHODSDuring a period of 2.5 years, from September 2003 to March 2006, 63 children with liver disease and ascites were prospectively studied in the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology in Nemazee Hospital affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, the major referral center in Southern Iran. Written consent was obtained from all parents after informing them about this study which was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University.Of the children involved in this study 12 had met the criteria for SBP (polymorphonuclear leukocyte count greater than 2.5 × 10 5 /L and positive ascitic fluid culture). In total 13 episodes of SBP were documented, of which two occurred with one patient, 4 mo apart. The patients and their parents answered a structured questionnaire, which included name, age, sex, clinical history, underlying liver diseases, history of antibiotic and diuretic use, history of previous variceal bleeding and episodes of SBP. All children had undergone a thorough physical examination.Serum albumin and glucose, urinalysis and urine culture were done in all patients. CONCLUSION: S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of SBP in the pediatric age group and we recommend a third generation cephalosporine (e.g., Ceftriaxione or Cefotaxime) for empirical therapy in children with SBP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organisms causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in children with liver disease and ascites in Southern Iran

Haghighat

Dehghani

Alborzi³

et al. 2006

WJG

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“…Los primeros casos pediátricos de PP asociados a síndrome nefrótico fueron descritos por Pahner en 1940 y en 1968 se la señala asociada a cirrosis (1,14).Más tarde se encontró asociada a otras entidades, tales como, infecciones respiratorias, genitourinarias, periodontales, forunculosis, lupus eritematoso sistémico, linfedema, ascitis cardiogénica, y estados post transplante de médula ósea (3,10,11,15,18).…”

Section: Discusionunclassified

“…La peritonitis primaria (PP) es una infección difusa peritoneal sin aparente foco gastrointestinal, es una enfermedad rara, de difícil diagnóstico y cuyo curso es tórpido si no se actúa inmediatamente (1)(2)(3)(4). Se presenta a cualquier edad, con mayor frecuencia en niños con alguna enfermedad de fondo como: síndrome nefrótico, cirrosis hepática, infecciones respiratorias y genitourinarias, entre otras.…”

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Peritonitis primaria en niños.

Castro-Rodriguez¹,

Diaz²

2013

Rev Med Hered

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SUMMARYIn an 18 years (1969)(1970)(1971)(1972)(1973)(1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986) period form a total of 22,141 hospitalizations, in the Pediatrics Department of Cayetano Heredia Hospital in Lima we found 17 cases of primary peritonitis (PP) (incidence 0.76/thousand) which represents 4.75% of the total cases of peritonitis general. The 17 PP cases (16 patients) were 10 girls and 6 boys; the mean age was 6.3 years (range 10 months to 12.9 years ) and average time of disease was 3 days. The peritoneal fluid was purulent in 9/16 cases; the mean white blood count was 6,946 leucocytes/mm3, with 71.3% of polymorphonuclear leucocytes; the Gram stain was positive in 46% of the cases (Gram positive diplococi in all cases); and peritoneal culture in 7/13 cases (6 with S. pneumoniae and 1 with S. typhi). The etiological agent most commonly identified was S. pneumoniae in 7 cases (6 by peritoneal culture and 1 by blood culture); S. typhi in one case and in 9 the germen was not identified. Associated diseases were: 8 with nephrotic syndrome, 3 with urinary infections, 1 pneumonia, 1 typhoid fever and in 5 cases no associated diseases were found . The mortality was 6.25%. (Rev Med Hered 1992; 3: 13-18. KEY WORDS: Primary peritonitis, children. RESUMENEn un período de 18 años (1969)(1970)(1971)(1972)(1973)(1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)) se admitieron 17 casos de peritonitis primaria (PP) de un total de 22,141 hospitalizaciones en el Departamento de Pediatría del Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, (incidencia 0.76 casos/1000 pacientes); los mismos que representan el 4.75% del total de casos de peritonitis en general atendidas en el mismo período. Los 17 casos de PP (16 pacientes) fueron: 10 mujeres y 6 varones; la edad promedio fue de 6.3 años (rango 10 meses -12.9 años) y el tiempo de enfermedad promedio de 3 días. El líquido peritoneal (LP) presentó en 9/16 casos aspecto purulento; la celularidad promedio fue de 6,946 leucocitos/cc con 71.3% de PMN; la tinción de Gram fue positiva en el 46% de los casos (todos diplococos Gram positivos). Los agentes etiológicos fueron: neumococo en 7, S. typhi en 1 y en 9 no se aisló gérmen.Las enfermedades asociadas a la PP fueron: síndrome nefrótico 8 casos, infección urinaria 3, neumonía 1, fiebre tifoidea 1 y en 5 no hubo ninguna enfermedad asociada. La mortalidad fue 6.25% . (Rev Med Hered 1992; 3: 13-18).

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