Spontaneous photon emission: A promising non-invasive diagnostic tool for breast cancer

Zhao, Xiaolei; Pang, Junyi; Fu, Jialei; Wang, Yong; Yang, Meng‐Yin; Li, Yanli; Fan, Hua; Zhang, Liewei; Han, Jinxiang

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.009

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The spatial asymmetry of surface photon fluence rate can be induced by placing a pathological photo-genic source off-center in the spherical domain. Such a demonstration is given in Figure 7 in referencing the asymmetric UPE intensity that became aggregated as the tumor-load at the right axillary of a breast cancer mouse model increased [16]. The tumor volume is modeled as increasing exponentially [42].…”

Section: Spatial Asymmetry Associated With Asymmetric Pathological Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For hemiparesis patients, the hand of hemiparesis aspect emitted less UPE photons in comparison to the contra-lateral normal hand [32], and acupuncture treatment reduced dramatically the left-right asymmetry of UPE. The left-right asymmetry of UPE in a mouse model of human breast cancer [16] became more pronounced as the tumor load in the right axillary increased versus the contra-lateral normal control. These reports suggest that the left-right asymmetry of UPE correlates with the left-right difference on the pathological conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectrum of UPE interestingly covers the visible light and extends to ultraviolet and nearinfrared bands [3,5,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The commonly reported UPE intensity is 100s of photons per second per square centimeter [6,[19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(A) the asymmetric UPE intensity that became aggregated as the tumor-load at the right axillary of a breast cancer mouse model increased[16]. The tumor volumes of respectively less than 0.5cm in diameter, between 1cm and 1.5cm in diameter, and greater than 1.5m in diameter asspecified on panel (A) are scaled as exp ( as plotted on the panel (B).…”

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confidence: 99%

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On a Few Superficial Presentations of Ultra-Weak Photon Emission of Human: an Analytical Hypothesis

Piao¹

2018

Preprint

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Ultra-weak photon emissions (UPEs) including those from human have been experimented for decades. The photo-genic origin of UPE has also been attributed to the oxidative stress or free radical production that is unique to metabolically active states of biological organisms. However, there are considerable gaps in quantitative understanding of UPE. In this work, I propose an analytical framework of hypothesis for the initial objective of modeling a few superficial presentations of UPE of human, including the systematic dependency on age, the diurnal variation, and the geometric asymmetry associated with serious asymmetrical pathological conditions. The hypothesis which is currently limited to human assumes a new form of energy state, termed vivo-nergy, which resides only in metabolically active organisms that are also under neuronal control. The hypothesis projects a decrease of the vivo-nergy in human during growth beyond puberty, with the rate of decrease dictated by a critical time-scale---the age of the first opposite-sex sexual intercourse (FOSSI). The hypothesis also proposes a modification of the vivo-nergy by the phases of systematic or homeostatic physiology. The hypothesis further postulates that the deviation of the physiology-modified vivo-nergy from the pre-puberty level is deteriorated by acquired organ-specific pathological conditions. Any reduction of vivo-nergy from the pre-puberty level is hypothesized to proportionally cause oxidative stress that functions as the physical source of UPE. The resulted steady-state diffusion of the photon emitted from a photo-genic source of UPE in a human geometry simplified as a homogeneous spherical domain is modeled by photon diffusion principles incorporating an extrapolated zero-boundary condition. The age and systematic physiology combined determines the intensity of the centered physiological photo-genic source. The acquired (single) pathology sets both the intensity and the off-center position of the (single) pathological photo-genic source. When the age-related, physiology-commanded, and pathology-controlled modifications of the photo-genetic sources are implemented in the photon diffusion model, the photon fluence rate at the surface of the simplified human-representing spherical domain reveals the dependency on age, the temporal variation corresponding to systematic physiology, and the geometric asymmetry associated with significant asymmetric pathological condition as reported previously for UPE. The hypothesis, as it provides analytical conveniences for quantitative estimation of UPE patterns, may be useful to further model-based interpretation of the spatial-temporal characteristics of UPE.           

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Section: Spatial Asymmetry Associated With Asymmetric Pathological Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On a Few Superficial Presentations of Ultra-Weak Photon Emission of Human: an Analytical Hypothesis

Piao¹

2018

Preprint

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“…This light phenomenon differs from a rather bright bioluminescence which is dependent a specific enzymatic complexes which are present only in very specific species such as fireflies and selected jellyfish. What differentiates the general biological autoluminescence from ordinary bioluminescence is, apart the weaker intensity, its ubiquity across biological species ranging from microorganisms [2][3][4][5] through tissue cultures [6][7][8], plants [9][10][11][12][13] up to animals [14] including human [15][16][17]. There are also various synonyma used in the literature describing this light phenomenon such as ultra-weak photon emission [18], ultra-weak bioluminescence [19], endogenous biological chemiluminescence [20], biophotons [21][22][23], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-time fractal analysis of biological autoluminescence

Dlask

Kukal

Poplová

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Biological systems manifest continuous weak autoluminescence, which is present even in the absence of external stimuli. Since this autoluminescence arises from internal metabolic and physiological processes, several works suggested that it could carry information in the time series of the detected photon counts. However, there is little experimental work which would show any difference of this signal from random Poisson noise and some works were prone to artifacts due to lacking or improper reference signals. Here we apply rigorous statistical methods and advanced reference signals to test the hypothesis whether time series of autoluminescence from germinating mung beans display any intrinsic correlations. Utilizing the fractional Brownian bridge that employs short samples of time-series in the method kernel, we suggest that the detected autoluminescence signal from mung beans is not totally random, but it seems to involve a process with a negative memory. Our results contribute to the development of the rigorous methodology of signal analysis of photonic biosignals.

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On the stress-induced photon emission from organism: I, will the scattering-limited delay affect the temporal course?

Piao

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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Much remains to be identified for the temporal course of stress-induced photon emission (PE) from organism following stress of various types including but not limited to light. Induced PE concerns surface light emission in excess of the baseline level of spontaneous ultraweak photon emission, in response to a localized or systematic stress via oxidative bursting. It is proposed that the surface emission of induced PE involves two causally sequential phases: a stress-transfer phase that transforms the stress to perturb photogenesis balanced at homeostasis and a photon-propagation phase that transmits the photons from the domain of perturbed photogenesis to surface emission. The traversing of induced PE photons from wherever the domains of photogenesis perturbation are in the organism following the stress to the surface must involve photon propagation of which the scattering will affect the photon lifetime. Induced PE is usually substantially retarded in occurrence or longer in duration with respect to the stress. In order to identify whether the time course of induced PE can be attributed entirely to the stress-perturbed photogenesis, Part I estimates the upper limit of the scattering-caused photon lifetime following photogenesis. The estimation of that upper limit is based on setting the photogenesis at the center of a spherical human-size tissue having an unrealistically strong tissue scattering. Time-resolved photon migration analysis reveals that the scattering-limited lifetime will not be greater than 100 ns at a human scale. The time course of induced PE reported thus suggests a much retarded and slower perturbation to photogenesis with respect to the time course of stress for manifesting the surface-observed induced PE. The theoretical insight, which may complement the soliton mechanism, also supports the exploration of entopic phenomena including phosphenes and negative afterimages via delayed PE. The subsequent Part II hypothesizes a few stress-transfer kinetic patterns feeding the photogenesis.

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Spontaneous photon emission: A promising non-invasive diagnostic tool for breast cancer

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

On a Few Superficial Presentations of Ultra-Weak Photon Emission of Human: an Analytical Hypothesis

On a Few Superficial Presentations of Ultra-Weak Photon Emission of Human: an Analytical Hypothesis

Short-time fractal analysis of biological autoluminescence

On the stress-induced photon emission from organism: I, will the scattering-limited delay affect the temporal course?

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