Spontaneous vocal expressions from everyday life convey discrete emotions to listeners.

Juslin, Peter; Laukka, Petri; Harmat, László; Ovsiannikow, Melissa

doi:10.1037/emo0000762

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…Vocal cues such as emotional prosody, or “tone of voice”, as well as non-verbal expressions of emotions such as a sigh or laugh, likewise carry significant clues to a speaker’s internal state [ 85 , 86 ]. One study found that participants were able to perceive emotions from audio clips of naturalistic conversations with a high degree of accuracy [ 87 ]. Moreover, the more intensely an emotion was expressed verbally, the higher the accuracy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mask exposure during COVID-19 changes emotional face processing

2021

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Faces are one of the key ways that we obtain social information about others. They allow people to identify individuals, understand conversational cues, and make judgements about others’ mental states. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit the United States, widespread mask-wearing practices were implemented, causing a shift in the way Americans typically interact. This introduction of masks into social exchanges posed a potential challenge—how would people make these important inferences about others when a large source of information was no longer available? We conducted two studies that investigated the impact of mask exposure on emotion perception. In particular, we measured how participants used facial landmarks (visual cues) and the expressed valence and arousal (affective cues), to make similarity judgements about pairs of emotion faces. Study 1 found that in August 2020, participants with higher levels of mask exposure used cues from the eyes to a greater extent when judging emotion similarity than participants with less mask exposure. Study 2 measured participants’ emotion perception in both April and September 2020 –before and after widespread mask adoption—in the same group of participants to examine changes in the use of facial cues over time. Results revealed an overall increase in the use of visual cues from April to September. Further, as mask exposure increased, people with the most social interaction showed the largest increase in the use of visual facial cues. These results provide evidence that a shift has occurred in how people process faces such that the more people are interacting with others that are wearing masks, the more they have learned to focus on visual cues from the eye area of the face.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mask exposure during COVID-19 changes emotional face processing

2021

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“…For example, different emotions have different prosodic profiles, which listeners can use to determine the speaker's emotional state. Consistent with the latter, Juslin et al [26] showed that participants could recognize and name different emotions with a high degree of accuracy using only audio clips containing natural conversations.…”

Section: Influence Of Facial Masks On Facial Expressions As An Expres...mentioning

confidence: 77%

Development and testing of a questionnaire on the expectations and experiences with wearing face masks in inpatient and day hospitals

Kuczyk,

Münch,

Nöhre

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background The Covid-19 pandemic made wearing of face masks mandatory in the psychotherapeutic context. Against this background, the present study aimed to compare the expectations of patients undergoing day-hospital or inpatient treatment regarding wearing a mask in psychotherapy before the start of therapy with the final experience after the end of therapy. The study also investigated the extent to which expectations and experiences were influenced by other factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, patients’ general attitudes towards wearing a mask, duration of treatment, or mental health diagnoses. Methods Patients’ expectations and experiences were recorded using two versions of a self-developed questionnaire: the pre-version, which was administered before the start of therapy and recorded expectations, and the post-version, which was administered after the end of therapy and recorded the final experiences. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted for the questionnaire’s pre- and post-version. T-tests for paired samples were calculated to compare the patients’ expectations regarding the extracted factors with the final experiences. Bivariate correlations were calculated to explore the association of other potential factors with expectations and experiences. Results The exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure: communication barriers, self-confidence, and infection protection. The communication barriers expected by the patients before the start of the therapy turned out to be significantly higher than ultimately experienced after the therapy. Higher age correlated significantly negatively with expectations and experiences, with less self-confidence expected and experienced in therapy with a mask by older patients. There was a significant positive correlation between the expectations and the duration of treatment. Patients’ general attitudes correlated significantly with their expectations and experiences. Conclusion Based on the results, wearing a mask does not appear to negatively impact the success of psychotherapy from the patient’s perspective. However, patient-specific characteristics also appear to play a role in this context.

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“…11 Relatively small numbers of acoustic parameters (related to frequency, intensity, spectral balance, and temporal) can predict several emotion categories expressed through speech prosody. 12 Findings related to acoustic parameters are relatively consistent across emotions. Anger, happiness, and fear are described by relatively high mean amplitude, and relatively high pitch, 2−4,13,14 while sadness has been described as having a comparatively low pitch, and low amplitude.…”

Section: Emotions and Emotional Prosodymentioning

confidence: 86%