Sport Specialization and Overuse Injuries in Adolescent Throwing Athletes: A Narrative Review

Zaremski, Jason L.; Zeppieri, Giorgio; Tripp, Brady L.

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-333-18

Cited by 59 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 89 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is in line with previous evidence presented on track and field athletes. The reasons for such a high attrition rate are manifold and are likely include early maturation, 18 early specialization, 19,20 relative age effect, 3,21,22 injuries, 16,23 drop-out, 24 and dual career barriers. 16,25 Even more importantly, most elite senior athletes were not considered as such when they were young.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

World-Class Sprinters’ Careers: Early Success Does Not Guarantee Success at Adult Age

Boccia¹,

Cardinale²,

Brustio³

2021

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To quantify how many of the top 50 under-18 (U18) sprinters in the world managed to become top 50 ranked as adult competitors. The authors also described the career trajectory of athletes ranked in the top 50 during either U18 or senior category. Methods: A total of 4924 male and female athletes competing in sprint races and ranked in the International Association of Athletics Federations (now World Athletics) lists in any of the seasons between the 2000 and 2018 were included in the study. The athletes ranked in the top 50 positions of all-time lists during U18, senior, or both categories were analyzed. Results: Only 17% of the male and 21% of the female top 50 ranked U18 managed to become top 50 ranked senior athletes. The top 50 ranked senior athletes consistently produced yearly larger improvements during late adolescence and early adulthood compared with those who ranked in the top 50 at U18. Furthermore, top 50 ranked senior athletes reached their peak performance later compared with the top 50 ranked only in U18. Conclusions: This study confirms that early success in track and field is not a good predictor of success at senior level in sprinting events. The yearly performance improvements and their tracking provide the most suitable approach to identify athletes more likely to succeed as elite performers in adulthood. The authors hope that the results of this study can provide useful comparative data and reference criteria for talent-identification and -development programs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

World-Class Sprinters’ Careers: Early Success Does Not Guarantee Success at Adult Age

Boccia¹,

Cardinale²,

Brustio³

2021

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Accordingly, concerns with early sports specialization and overuse injuries in recent years have been well documented. 14,31 The fact that the rates of opioid use among high school athletes approaches those of NFL athletes is a disturbing finding. While opioid use and misuse is a concern at any level, high school athletes who are not playing for a salary and whose athletic future is uncertain are in a much more vulnerable position.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid Use in Athletes: A Systematic Review

Ekhtiari

Yusuf

AlMakadma

et al. 2020

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context: The opioid epidemic has been well-documented in the general population, but the literature pertaining to opioid use and misuse in the athletic population remains limited. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to seek answers to the following questions: (1) what are the rates of opioid use and misuse among athletes, (2) do these rates differ compared with the nonathletic population, and (3) are there specific subgroups of the athletic population (eg, based on sport, level of play) who may be at higher risk? Data Sources: The Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed were used for the literature search. Study Selection: Records were screened in duplicate for studies reporting rates of opioid use among athletes. All study designs were included. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Data regarding rates of opioid use, medication types, prescription patterns, and predictors of future opioid use were collected. Study quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria for clinical studies and 5 key domains previously identified for survey studies. Results: A total of 11 studies were eligible for inclusion (N = 226,256 athletes). Studies included survey studies and retrospective observational designs. Opioid use among professional athletes at any given time, as reported in 2 different studies, ranged from 4.4% to 4.7%, while opioid use over a National Football League career was 52%. High school athletes had lifetime opioid use rates of 28% to 46%. Risk factors associated with opioid use included Caucasian race, contact sports (hockey, football, wrestling), postretirement unemployment, and undiagnosed concussion. Use of opioids while playing predicted use of opioids in retirement. Conclusion: Overall, opioid use is prevalent among athletes, and use during a playing career predicts postretirement use. This issue exists even at the high school level, with similar rates to professional athletes. Further higher quality observational studies are needed to better define patterns of opioid use in athletes.

show abstract

“…Increasing youth sport participation is accompanied by a parallel rise in concern for overuse injuries in the youth athlete population [6,7]. As a part of the process of growth and development, certain unique characteristics such as musculoskeletal and cognitive immaturity renders youth athletes more susceptible to especially overuse injuries compared to their adult counterparts [7][8][9]. This risk is further magni ed with the increasing emphasis on competitive success and the practice of early sport specialization [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overhead motion requires an e cient kinetic chain and strong shoulder structures to allow optimal energy transfer from the lower extremity, through the trunk and the upper extremity, and nally to the hand or an implement [18]. Disruption to this mechanism will result in increased stress to the distal segments, increasing the likelihood of an upper extremity overuse injury [6,8,17,18,24]. Strong shoulder structures also generate compressive forces of around 1090N at the shoulder to counteract the distractive forces acting on the arm during the deceleration phase of the overhead motion [25], which also represents the maximum tensile strength threshold of the soft tissues supporting the shoulder [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness Of Overuse Injury Prevention Programs On Upper Extremity Performance In Overhead Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review

Lau

Mukherjee

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Youth athletes in single hand overhead sport are at risk of upper extremity overuse injuries due to musculoskeletal immaturity, repetitive actions and stress overload. While several upper extremity injury prevention programs have been developed, the effectiveness of upper extremity injury prevention programs on performance outcome measures in overhead youth athletes has not been investigated. This study critically evaluated the effectiveness of existing upper extremity injury prevention programs on performance outcome measures in overhead youth athletes and identified and categorized the training components of these programs.Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SPORTDiscus (via EBSCOhost), ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were youth athletes with full participation in throwing or striking sports; the intervention utilized training programs or exercises; control group performed usual training or sham exercises; reported at least one performance outcome measure; and utilized either randomized controlled trials, cluster-randomized controlled trials, or non-randomized controlled trials. Studies had to be published in the English language and within the last two decades. Methodological quality was assessed based on the PEDro Scale. Results Five studies, with a total of 456 youth athletes (age range 10.2-17.1 years) were included. The average PEDro score was 6.6. The effectiveness of the injury prevention programs on the identified performance outcome measures of strength, mobility, and sport-specific measures (ball speed and serve accuracy) were 30.4%, 28.6%, and 22.2%, respectively. The training components targeted were categorized as strength, mobility, and plyometrics. Strength was the most common training component and the most widely investigated performance outcome measure among existing upper extremity injury prevention programs. ConclusionCurrent injury prevention programs have a modest effect on sport performance outcome measures. Future upper extremity injury prevention programs should include training components of strength, mobility and plyometrics in their design given their moderate effects on strength, mobility, and sport-specific outcome measures. Standardized protocols are required for injury prevention program characteristics, and measurement and reporting of performance outcomes measures.

show abstract

Sport Specialization and Overuse Injuries in Adolescent Throwing Athletes: A Narrative Review

Cited by 59 publications

References 89 publications

World-Class Sprinters’ Careers: Early Success Does Not Guarantee Success at Adult Age

World-Class Sprinters’ Careers: Early Success Does Not Guarantee Success at Adult Age

Opioid Use in Athletes: A Systematic Review

Effectiveness Of Overuse Injury Prevention Programs On Upper Extremity Performance In Overhead Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About