Sporulation, Inoculation Methods and Pathogenicity of <i>Ustilaginoidea albicans</i>, the Cause of White Rice False Smut in China

Shu, Wang; Li, Min; Dong, Huawei; Liu, Xiaozhou; Bai, Yuanjun; Yang, Hao

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2008.01428.x

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…In 2011, 2012 and 2013, we found white spore balls resembling white false smut described by Wang and Bai (), Wang et al. () and Tanaka et al. () on panicles of two American rice cultivars growing in fields in two counties in Arkansas.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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First Report of the Occurrence of a White Smut Infecting Rice in Arkansas

Jecmen

TeBeest

2014

Journal of Phytopathology

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False smut has recently emerged as an important disease of rice in Arkansas. In 2011, spore balls of a white smut similar to the spore balls of false smut were observed in rice fields in eastern Arkansas. As a white false smut was previously reported in China and Japan, we examined the morphology of chlamydospores and spore balls from some of the infected heads and used selected regions of the rDNA to determine the identity of the causal agent of the disease. We also tested the virulence of an isolate of the white smut to two rice cultivars commonly grown in Arkansas. Our results indicate that the morphology of the spore balls, chlamydospores and conidia is similar to those reported for Ustilaginoidea albicans. However, sequences of ribosomal DNA amplicons indicate a high degree of similarity with both U. virens and U. albicans. The isolate of the white smut was virulent to two rice cultivars, producing spore balls similar to those observed in the field and to those previously described for U. albicans.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Low temperatures and moisture at heading appear to be involved in the expression of spore balls and disease (Wang et al. ; Ashizawa et al. ; Guo et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of the Occurrence of a White Smut Infecting Rice in Arkansas

Jecmen

TeBeest

2014

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…Nuclear DNA was purified through a CsCl density-gradient centrifugation to remove mitochondrial DNA using standard procedures 52 . Rice plants of the cultivar LYP9 that is highly susceptible to RFS were inoculated with conidial suspensions as described with some modifications 53 . Briefly, the U. virens monoconidial cultures were grown in potato sucrose broth in an incubator shaker at 150 r.p.m.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific adaptation of Ustilaginoidea virens in occupying host florets revealed by comparative and functional genomics

et al. 2014

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Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah is an ascomycetous fungus that causes rice false smut, a devastating emerging disease worldwide. Here we report a 39.4 Mb draft genome sequence of U. virens that encodes 8,426 predicted genes. The genome has B25% repetitive sequences that have been affected by repeat-induced point mutations. Evolutionarily, U. virens is close to the entomopathogenic Metarhizium spp., suggesting potential host jumping across kingdoms. U. virens possesses reduced gene inventories for polysaccharide degradation, nutrient uptake and secondary metabolism, which may result from adaptations to the specific floret infection and biotrophic lifestyles. Consistent with their potential roles in pathogenicity, genes for secreted proteins and secondary metabolism and the pathogen-host interaction database genes are highly enriched in the transcriptome during early infection. We further show that 18 candidate effectors can suppress plant hypersensitive responses. Together, our analyses offer new insights into molecular mechanisms of evolution, biotrophy and pathogenesis of U. virens.

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“…Singh (2009) produced similar results in which the disease incidence and disease severity was maximum in rice plants which were spray inoculated followed by syringe inoculation and dropper inoculation method. Wang et al (2008) also studied the inoculation methods for confirming the pathogenecity of Ustilaginoidea albicans, the cause of white false smut of rice in China and observed that inoculations by spraying and injection method resulted in disease development. In contrast to this, Ashizawa et al (2011) were able to produce smut balls in panicles of different rice cultivars by injecting the conidial suspension at booting stage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of screening technique for artificial creation of false smut in rice

Kaur

Lore

Pannu

2018

JANS

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False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi) of rice is an emerging disease and a potential threat to rice growers in different countries due to reduction in yield, quality and production of mycotoxins. Development and cultivation of resistant varieties is desirable approach for its management. Different inoculation techniques viz. spray inoculation, syringe inoculation and dusting method were evaluated for creating artificial epiphytotic conditions in susceptible variety PR116 under natural as well as artificially provided humidity conditions. Spray inoculation method produced more number of smut balls per plant (3.21) and per cent infected panicles (33.44%) followed by syringe inoculation (2.00 and 26.57%, respectively) and dusting method (0.33 and 6.67%, respectively). However, syringe inoculation method produced more spikelet sterility (14.82%) in rice panicles. More disease occurrence was reported in plants provided with artificial humidity after inoculations (51.12% infected panicles) than the plants grown under natural conditions (13.33% infected panicles). Late transplanted crop developed higher disease severity (18.17% infected panicles and 3.34 smut balls/plant) which might be attributed by slight decrease in temperature and increase in relative humidity conditions (up to 88% RH) at time of infection from boot to early flowering stage of the rice crop.

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Sporulation, Inoculation Methods and Pathogenicity of Ustilaginoidea albicans, the Cause of White Rice False Smut in China

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

First Report of the Occurrence of a White Smut Infecting Rice in Arkansas

First Report of the Occurrence of a White Smut Infecting Rice in Arkansas

Specific adaptation of Ustilaginoidea virens in occupying host florets revealed by comparative and functional genomics

Development of screening technique for artificial creation of false smut in rice

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