Spouted bed drying on inert particles: Evaluation of particle size distribution of recovered, accumulated and elutriated powders

Fluid Dynamic Analysis of a Modified Mechanical Stirring Spouted Bed: Effect of Particle Properties and Stirring Rotation

“…As mentioned above, the same experimental unit was employed in the experiments with the conventional spouted bed (without stirrers) and the mechanical stirring spouted bed. Additional details of the experimental unit, data acquisition, and storage procedure can be found in a previous study …”

“…Glass, alumina, and polyethylene beads (Geldart D particles) were used in this study. Such particles have been often used in several studies , and are considered as inert solids suitable for most applications . The particle properties and the different experimental conditions employed in both the conventional and the mechanical configurations are presented in Table .…”

“…This characteristic behavior leads to a high degree of agitation and mixing between the phases, enhancing the rates of heat and mass transfer. Thus, these features allow the spouted bed application in a wide range of chemical and physical operations, e.g., particle coating, − catalytic reactors, , and pyrolysis, − as a solids feeder in pneumatic conveying lines and drying of solids, pastes, and suspensions. − …”

“…Such limitations include maximum spouting bed height and column diameter, which are limitations for scaling-up spouted beds, and operating is conditioned by the spouting regime rather than by heat and mass transfer requirements. , There are different design strategies for the spouted beds to overcome these limitations, such as the conical geometry (conical spouted bed) and the use of internal devices (draft tubes and fountain confines). The conical geometry provides a stable operation in a wide range of gas flow rates, , whereas the use of the draft tube and fountain confiners improves the performance of the spouted bed, decreasing the minimum spouting velocity and the operating pressure drop required for stable conditions. − However, several researchers have mentioned drawbacks related to collapse and product retention when pastes and suspensions are processed in the spouted bed. ,− …”

Numerical Study on the Effect of Three Novel Strengthening Components on Water Evaporation in 3D Spouted Beds

“…The spouted bed is a special fluidized bed that is regarded as a highly efficient particle–fluid contactor. , It was originally used in the drying process for large particles. With the development of technology, spouted beds have been applied in drying, − pyrolysis, , gasification, − oxidation, , coating, and desulfurization . The gas phase is injected from the bed inlet, which drives the particles to move up.…”