Spread and colonization pattern of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ in lime plants [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] as revealed by real-time PCR assay

Mazraie, Mohsen Amiri; Izadpanah, K.; Hamzehzarghani, Habiballah; Salehi, Mohammad; Faghihi, Mohammad Mehdi

doi:10.1007/s42161-019-00251-4

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The feeding behavior of insect vectors plays an important role in the geographical distribution of phytoplasma strains [ 29 ]. In addition, transportation and the use of infected plant material for grafting and planting can result in the spread of phytoplasma diseases [ 9 , 30 , 31 ]. For example, the 16SrI group phytoplasma strains are transmitted by over 30 species of insect vectors, most of them polyphagous, and they can infect over 100 plant species worldwide, resulting in its vast geographical distribution [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East

Hemmati

Nikooei

Al-Subhi

et al. 2021

Biology

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Phytoplasmas that are associated with fruit crops, vegetables, cereal and oilseed crops, trees, ornamental, and weeds are increasing at an alarming rate in the Middle East. Up to now, fourteen 16Sr groups of phytoplasma have been identified in association with more than 164 plant species in this region. Peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma strains (16SrII) are the prevalent group, especially in the south of Iran and Gulf states, and have been found to be associated with 81 host plant species. In addition, phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrVI, 16SrIX, and 16SrXII groups have been frequently reported from a wide range of crops. On the other hand, phytoplasmas belonging to 16SrIV, 16SrV, 16SrX, 16SrXI, 16SrXIV, and 16SrXXIX groups have limited geographical distribution and host range. Twenty-two insect vectors have been reported as putative phytoplasma vectors in the Middle East, of which Orosius albicinctus can transmit diverse phytoplasma strains. Almond witches’ broom, tomato big bud, lime witches’ broom, and alfalfa witches’ broom are known as the most destructive diseases. The review summarizes phytoplasma diseases in the Middle East, with specific emphasis on the occurrence, host range, and transmission of the most common phytoplasma groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East

Hemmati

Nikooei

Al-Subhi

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…In some blueberry plants, BBSP levels in leaves were observed to drop below the detection limit only to re-appear at later time points in the season. Other phytoplasmas have been shown to be continually in ux within plants and over time, such as Chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma in Chrysanthemum carinatum 38 and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia' in lime 39 . In this work, blueberry leaf tissue was consistently found to have lower BBSP fractional abundance compared to fruit tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Blueberry Stunt Phytoplasma in Eastern Canada: a Multi-year Study

Hammond¹,

Pérez‐López²,

Town³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Blueberry stunt phytoplasma (BBSP; ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’) is an insect-vectored plant pathogen that causes severe yield losses in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), which is the most valuable fruit crop in Canada. Rapid, field-based diagnostic assays are desirable tools for the control of BBSP, as part of an integrated, proactive approach to production management termed biovigilance. We designed and validated a chaperonin-60 (cpn60)-targeted LAMP assay for detection of BBSP, providing a rapid, low cost, field-deployable diagnostic option. Our validation demonstrates that the assay is reproducible, with high analytical specificity and improved sensitivity when compared with 16S rRNA nested PCR. We applied the validated LAMP assay to nearly 2000 blueberry samples from Québec and Nova Scotia over three growing seasons (2016–2018). Our surveys revealed that BBSP is present in most sites across both provinces, though detection of the pathogen in individual plants varied in different tissues across sampling dates and across years, and evidence of spread between plants was limited. To quantify pathogen load in select plants, we designed additional qPCR and ddPCR assays, also based on cpn60. We found that pathogen load fluctuates in a given plant within and between growing seasons. Finally, we designed an interactive map to visualize the results of our surveys. These results provide a validated diagnostic assay that can be used as part of a biovigilance strategy for detecting and controlling infections caused by BBSP.

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“…P. aurantifolia'related strains A quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction (qPCR, Taqman chemistry) to assay and quantify the distribution pattern of 'Ca. P. aurantifolia' in tissues of Mexican lime plants was designed on the 16Sr RNA gene (Mazraie et al, 2019). Pest and plant (sesame) specific reagents with different fluorescent dyes were used for simultaneous multiple detection and quantification of 16SrII and 16SrIX phytoplasmas in sesame plant and insect vector samples (Ikten et al, 2016).…”

Section: Intraspecific Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yes, the non-EU phytoplasmas categorised here can be detected by molecular methods. (Mazraie et al, 2019). Pest and plant (sesame) specific reagents with different fluorescent dyes were used for simultaneous multiple detection and quantification of 16SrII and 16SrIX phytoplasmas in sesame plant and insect vector samples (Ikten et al, 2016).…”

Section: Intraspecific Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pest and plant (sesame) specific reagents with different fluorescent dyes were used for simultaneous multiple detection and quantification of 16SrII and 16SrIX phytoplasmas in sesame plant and insect vector samples (Ikten et al, 2016). A rapid real-time group-specific LAMP assay was developed to detect 16SrII phytoplasmas (Bekele et al, 2011) Specificity of ribosomal primers and probes was not assessed on the different 16SrII strains (Ikten et al, 2016;Mazraie et al, 2019 The pest can be detected by conventional nested PCR, and distinguished from 'Ca. P. solani', 'Ca.…”

Section: Intraspecific Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pest categorisation of the non‐EU phytoplasmas of tuber‐forming Solanum spp.

Bragard¹,

Dehnen‐Schmutz²,

Gonthier³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of four phytoplasmas of tuber‐forming Solanum spp. known to occur only outside the EU or having a limited presence in the EU . The only tuber‐forming species of Solanum reported to be phytoplasma infected is S. tuberosum . This opinion covers ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum’, ‘ Ca . P. aurantifolia’‐related strains ( GD 32; St_ JO _10, 14, 17; PPT ‐ SA ; Rus‐343F; PPT ‐ GTO 29, ‐ GTO 30, ‐ SINTV ; Potato Huayao Survey 2; Potato hair sprouts), ‘ Ca . P. fragariae’‐related strains ( YN ‐169, YN ‐10G) and ‘ Ca . P. pruni’‐related strains (Clover yellow edge; Potato purple top AK pot7, MT 117, AK pot6; PPT ‐ COAHP , ‐ GTOP ). Phytoplasmas can be detected by molecular methods and are efficiently transmitted by vegetative propagation. Phytoplasmas are also transmitted in a persistent and propagative manner by some insects belonging to families within Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha and Sternorrhyncha (order Hemiptera). No transovarial, pollen or seed transmission has been reported. The reported natural host range of the phytoplasmas categorised here varies from restricted (‘ Ca . P. americanum’, and ‘ Ca . P. fragariae’‐related strains) to wide (‘ Ca . P. aurantifolia’‐related strains and ‘ Ca . P. pruni’‐related strains), thus increasing the possible entry pathways in the latter case. S. tuberosum is widely cultivated in the EU . All the categorised phytoplasmas can enter and spread through the trade of host plants for planting, and by vectors. Establishment of these phytoplasmas is not expected to be limited by EU environmental conditions. The introduction of these phytoplasmas in the EU would have an economic impact. There are measures to reduce the risk of entry, establishment, spread and impact. Uncertainties result from limited information on distribution, biology and epidemiology. All the phytoplasmas categorised here meet the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as potential Union quarantine pests, and they do not meet all the criteria to qualify as potential regulated non‐quarantine pests, because they do not occur or are not known to be widespread in the EU . ...

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Spread and colonization pattern of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ in lime plants [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] as revealed by real-time PCR assay

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East

History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East

Molecular Detection of Blueberry Stunt Phytoplasma in Eastern Canada: a Multi-year Study

Pest categorisation of the non‐EU phytoplasmas of tuber‐forming Solanum spp.

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