Spreading evolution of a linear phase-locked hollow beam array in atmospheric turbulence

Abstract

Based on the generalized Huygens–Fresnel principle, propagation characteristics of a linear phase-locked hollow beam (PLHB) array propagating through atmospheric turbulence are investigated. Analytical expressions of the average intensity and mean-squared beam width of the PLHB array are derived. It is shown that propagation properties of a PLHB array are related to the initial beam parameters (i.e., number of beamlets, size of beam waist, range of wavelength) of the PLHB array and the strength of turbulence. These findings may provide potential applications in free-space optical communications, lidar, remote sensing, and related fields.

Propagation of hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam in oceanic turbulence

“…Despite the fact that laser beams of hollow nature have been widely used in many applications and their behaviour in different random mediums has been investigated (Li 2021;Saad and Belafhal 2021;Bayraktar 2022;Ebrahim et al 2022;Zhao et al 2022). In the literature, the propagation of such beams in oceanic turbulence is limited to some beam types namely flat-topped vortex hollow beam (Liu et al 2015;Liu et al 2016), partially coherent anomalous hollow vortex beam (Liu et al 2019) and hollow Gaussian-Schell model vortex beam (Wang et al 2021).…”