Squaramide functionalized ionic liquids with well-designed structures: Highly-active and recyclable catalyst platform for promoting cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides

Review on Carbon Dioxide Utilization for Cycloaddition of Epoxides by Ionic Liquid-Modified Hybrid Catalysts: Effect of Influential Parameters and Mechanisms Insight

“…Several heterogeneous catalysts, such as metal oxides; MgO [55,56], Nb 2 O 5 [43], Mg-Al oxide, guanidine-MCM-41 [57], Adeine-Pr-Al-SBA-15 [58], Cr-salen-SiO 2 [13], Mn-salen-SiO 2 [42], ClAlPC-MCM-41 [59], 3-(2-hydroxyl-ethyl)-1-propyl imidazolium bromide-SBA-15, and zeolite-based organic-inorganic hybrid catalysts have also been investigated [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66].…”

“…Ionic liquid (IL) is recently explored as efficient catalysts with growing importance over the past decades [64]. Since 2003, ILs have widely been adopted in the chemical industry as a solvent as well as catalysts for many fine chemical productions [60][61][62][63][64][65]. Hence, a quaternary ammonium ion together with a halide anion, -OH, or a -COOH group with ionic liquid was considered as potential materials for heterogeneous catalysis.…”

Facile Green Synthesis of New Copper-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: Experimental and Theoretical Study of the CO2 Fixation Reaction

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Additionally, the selective coupling between CO 2 and epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates has also attracted significant attention in this area because of its wide applications (Scheme 1). [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] However, the use of catalysts and co-catalysts under low temperature and pressure conditions is challenging for the cycloaddition reactions. One solution is to design catalytic systems that can easily attract and activate CO 2 , which will allow them to be used at low reaction temperatures and ambient pressures.…”

“…Because CO 2 is an attractive, abundant, low-cost, non-toxic, and sustainable chemical feedstock, the utilization of CO 2 is of great interest in terms of atom economy. − As CO 2 is an inexpensive C1 feedstock for many fine chemicals, its utilization has gained considerable interest over the past decade. − Additionally, the selective coupling between CO 2 and epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates has attracted significant attention because of its wide applicability (Scheme ). − However, the use of catalysts and co-catalysts under low temperature and pressure conditions is challenging for the cycloaddition reactions. One solution is to design catalytic systems that can easily attract and activate CO 2 , which will allow them to be used at low reaction temperatures and ambient pressures.…”

Membrane Technologies for Decarbonization

“…Cross-linked polymeric imidazolium salts are highly active in the catalytic cyclization of CO 2 with various epoxides [137]. ILs based on squaramide [138] retain high catalytic activity in this process for at least six cycles. To bind CO 2 to several epoxides, porous ILs with acidic or basic groups (-COOH, -NH 2 , imidazolium, and quaternary ammonium) and nucleophilic counterions (Br -, Cl -, and OH -) were also used [139].…”