Square-Wave Endurance Exercise Test (SWEET) for training and assessment in trained and untrained subjects

Abstract

In order to obtain information about physiological and homeostasic responses at the maximal Intensity of Endurance of the 45 min "Square-Wave Endurance Exercise Test" (MIE45), three arterial blood samples were taken: (a) at rest; (b) at the 45th min of the SWEET; (c) after 15 min of recovery, to measure paO2, paCO2, [H+], [Hb], and [lactate] in 14 normal male subjects: four trained (T) six well trained (WT) and four others untrained (U). Total mechanical work (TMW) corresponding to MIE45 was significantly higher (mean +/- SEM) respectively in WT (9.22 +/- 0.65 kJ . kg-1, p less than 0.001), than in T (7.17 +/- 0.18 kJ . kg-1, p less than 0.01) and U subjects (4.44 +/- 0.36, p less than 0.001). Because of this the lactate level, which rose significantly during exercise, differed between U and WT subjects (p less than 0.05). In spite of the exhaustive character of the MIE45, [H+] and paO2 remained within the range of normal values. These results suggest that trained and untrained subjects can be trained with the exhausting MIE45 exercise while maintaining a constant [H+] and paO2 at the 45th min of exercise.

Effect of Endurance Training on Different Mechanical Efficiency Indices During Submaximal Cycling in Subjects Unaccustomed to Cycling

“…The present endurance-training program allowed a significant improvement (p < 0.001) of V . O 2 peak and POpeak, as previously found in the literature (Gimenez et al, 1982;Horowitz et al, 1994;Nickleberry and Brooks, 1996). The increase of V .…”

“…Endurance training improves physical work capacity and the specific skills of exercise performance, depending on which training program is used (Jones and Carter, 2000). For example, Gimenez et al (1982) showed that specific leg training with the Square-Wave Endurance Exercise Test (SWEET) significantly increased endurance capacity in healthy subjects. Both physiological and pedaling skill adaptations are usually observed after cycling training (Jones and Carter, 2000;Takaishi et al, 1998).…”

A phase 2 randomized trial to evaluate the impact of a supervised exercise program on cardiotoxicity at 3 months in patients with HER2 overexpressing breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment by trastuzumab: design of the CARDAPAC study

“…Given the lack of recommendations for exercise during adjuvant breast cancer treatments (particularly regarding type, duration, or frequency), we propose a specific endurance training in our training group called the Square-Wave Endurance Exercise Test (SWEET) validated by Gimenez et al [50]. This bi-level training aims to replicate interval training sessions (moderate and high intensity) adjusted according to the physical characteristics of the subjects.…”

“…This bi-level training aims to replicate interval training sessions (moderate and high intensity) adjusted according to the physical characteristics of the subjects. It has previously been proposed with healthy subjects [50], but also with patients suffering from cardiovascular [51, 52] or other diseases [53, 54]. SWEET is quite efficient in increasing maximal oxygen consumption, endurance capacity, and/or force and endurance of the leg muscles.…”

Pulmonary Hemodynamics during a Strenuous Intermittent Exercise in Healthy Subjects

“…Interval training has been performed with efficiency in heart transplant recipients in our laboratory (10,(17)(18)(19). The "tailored" 6-wk endurance training program, derived from the square wave endurance exercise test of Gimenez et al (12) led to significant improvements, with an increase of aerobic work capacity (19), lactate removal (18), and changes in muscular ultrastructural characteristics that were similar to age-matched controls under the same relative intensity training (17). Such exercise rehabilitation is also proposed to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (11).…”