St. Louis Encephalitis virus mosquito vectors dynamics in three different environments in relation to remotely sensed environmental conditions

Batallán, Gonzalo P.; Estallo, Elizabet Lilia; Flores, Fernando S.; Sartor, Paolo; Contigiani, Marta Silvia; Almirón, Walter Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.009

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This differs from Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, which is predominant throughout a vast range of city-type environments [39]. Our results support the hypothesis that SLEV is transmitted by multiple sympatric Culex spp., and that both Cx.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Culex saltanensis and Culex interfor (Diptera: Culicidae) are susceptible and competent to transmit St. Louis encephalitis virus (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) in central Argentina.

Beranek

Quaglia

Peralta

et al. 2019

Preprint

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25 Infectious diseases caused by mosquito-borne viruses constitute health and economic 26 problems worldwide. St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is endemic and autochthonous in 27 the American continent. Culex pipiensquinquefasciatus is the primary urban vector of 28 SLEV; however, Culex interforandCulex saltanensishave also been found naturally infected 29 with the virus, suggesting their potential role as vectors. 30 OBJETIVE The aim of this study was to determine the vector competence of Cx. interfor 31 and Cx. saltanensisfor SLEVfrom central Argentinain comparison to a Cx. 32 p.quinquefasciatus. 33 METHODSAdult female mosquitoes of the three Culex species were orally infected by 34 feeding on viremic chicks that had been inoculated with SLEV CbaAr-4005, it is the same 35 strain detected in the US and Argentina, and responsible for human disease.Then, 36 abdomens, legs and saliva blood-fed mosquitoes were analyzed by viral plaque assay and 37 the presence of cytopathic effect on the cell culture monolayer. 38 RESULTS Mosquitoes were permissive to orallyacquire infections, to virus 39 dissemination,and transmission of SLEV in the saliva. Culex saltanensis and Cx. interfor 40 are potential vectors of SLEV. 41 CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that in Argentina both Culex saltanensis and 42 Culex interfor are susceptible to SLEV and competent for its transmission.Moreoverthey 43 are abundant during SLEV epidemicperiod in urban area, positive for this virus in nature, 44 and found to feed on natural hosts.45

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…increase in abundance with peaks in summer, with are temporal distribution of Culex spp. coinciding with the activity peaks of SLEV in human infection [3,39]. Adult mosquitoes belonging to the species Cx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Culex saltanensis and Culex interfor (Diptera: Culicidae) are susceptible and competent to transmit St. Louis encephalitis virus (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) in central Argentina.

Beranek

Quaglia

Peralta

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Another biologic factor that may have promoted the SLEV outbreak could be the sustained increase in abundance of the main vector Culex quinquefasciatus which has been documented elsewhere [18,19]. In temperate areas, arbovirus transmission is highly influenced by mosquito vector abundance [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In urban sites of central Argentina, SLEV is mainly transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus [22] and potentially also by Culex interfor [5]. These mosquitoes’ populations have two annual peaks: a small one in late spring-early summer (November-December) and a large one in late summer-early fall (February-March) [18,19]. Based on this vector pattern one would expect the presence of two peaks of SLEV activity, which indeed was observed during this human encephalitis outbreak [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity Patterns of St. Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Free Ranging Birds during a Human Encephalitis Outbreak in Argentina

et al. 2016

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St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) (Flavivirus) is a reemerging arbovirus in the southern cone of South America. In 2005, an outbreak of SLEV in central Argentina resulted in 47 human cases with 9 deaths. In Argentina, the ecology of SLEV is poorly understood. Because certain birds are the primary amplifiers in North America, we hypothesized that birds amplify SLEV in Argentina as well. We compared avian SLEV seroprevalence in a variety of ecosystems in and around Córdoba city from 2004 (before the epidemic) and 2005 (during the epidemic). We also explored spatial patterns to better understand the local ecology of SLEV transmission. Because West Nile virus (WNV) was also detected in Argentina in 2005, all analyses were also conducted for WNV. A total of 980 birds were sampled for detection of SLEV and WNV neutralizing antibodies. SLEV seroprevalence in birds increased 11-fold from 2004 to 2005. Our study demonstrated that a high proportion (99.3%) of local birds were susceptible to SLEV infection immediately prior to the 2005 outbreak, indicating that the vertebrate host population was primed to amplify SLEV. SLEV was found distributed in a variety of environments throughout the city of Córdoba. However, the force of viral transmission varied among sites. Fine scale differences in populations of vectors and vertebrate hosts would explain this variation. In summary, we showed that in 2005, both SLEV and to a lesser extent WNV circulated in the avian population. Eared Dove, Picui Ground-Dove and Great Kiskadee are strong candidates to amplify SLEV because of their exposure to the pathogen at the population level, and their widespread abundance. For the same reasons, Rufous Hornero may be an important maintenance host for WNV in central Argentina. Competence studies and vector feeding studies are needed to confirm these relationships.

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“…We (2013); Batallán et al (2015) for details on the data and their sources). The climate of Córdoba is temperate with dry winters and hot rainy summers.…”

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rainfall on Culex mosquito population dynamics

Valdez

Sibona

Díaz

et al. 2017

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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The dynamics of a mosquito population depends heavily on climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation. Since climate change models predict that global warming will impact on the frequency and intensity of rainfall, it is important to understand how these variables affect the mosquito populations. We present a model of the dynamics of a Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito population that incorporates the effect of rainfall and use it to study the influence of the number of rainy days and the mean monthly precipitation on the maximum yearly abundance of mosquitoes M max . Additionally, using a fracturing process, we investigate the influence of the variability in daily rainfall on M max . We find that, given a constant value of monthly precipitation, there is an optimum number of rainy days for which M max is a maximum. On the other hand, we show that increasing daily rainfall variability reduces the dependence of M max on the number of rainy days, leading also to a higher abundance of mosquitoes for the case of low mean monthly precipitation.Finally, we explore the effect of the rainfall in the months preceding the wettest season, and we obtain that a regimen with high precipitations throughout the year and a higher variability tends to advance slightly the time at which the peak mosquito abundance occurs, but could significantly change the total mosquito abundance in a year.

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St. Louis Encephalitis virus mosquito vectors dynamics in three different environments in relation to remotely sensed environmental conditions

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Culex saltanensis and Culex interfor (Diptera: Culicidae) are susceptible and competent to transmit St. Louis encephalitis virus (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) in central Argentina.

Culex saltanensis and Culex interfor (Diptera: Culicidae) are susceptible and competent to transmit St. Louis encephalitis virus (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) in central Argentina.

Activity Patterns of St. Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Free Ranging Birds during a Human Encephalitis Outbreak in Argentina

Effects of rainfall on Culex mosquito population dynamics

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