Stability Constrained Gain Optimization of Droop Controlled Converters in DC Nanogrids

Bandyopadhyay, Samir Kumar; Ramírez-Elizondo, Laura; Bauer, Pavol

doi:10.23919/ipec.2018.8507814

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Apart from the selection regarding the interface with the main grid and the design of the topology for the connection of all the components included in the DC MG, it is essential to determine the control strategies according to which the total system will operate. The field of control strategies regarding these special structures has gained attention over the past few decades, which has led to the rise of advanced control algorithms, creating a mixture of different approaches presented in the worldwide literature [49][50][51][52][53][54]. Overall, control strategies deal with stability and protection issues, power balance, smooth transition regarding transient occurrences (e.g., black start), synchronization, optimization of various objectives (e.g., cost), market participation, etc.…”

Section: Control Of DC Mgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 12 of 26 algorithms, creating a mixture of different approaches presented in the worldwide literature [49][50][51][52][53][54]. Overall, control strategies deal with stability and protection issues, power balance, smooth transition regarding transient occurrences (e.g., black start), synchronization, optimization of various objectives (e.g., cost), market participation, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

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State of the Art of Low and Medium Voltage Direct Current (DC) Microgrids

et al. 2021

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Direct current (DC) microgrids (MG) constitute a research field that has gained great attention over the past few years, challenging the well-established dominance of their alternating current (AC) counterparts in Low Voltage (LV) (up to 1.5 kV) as well as Medium Voltage (MV) applications (up to 50 kV). The main reasons behind this change are: (i) the ascending amalgamation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), which predominantly supply DC power to the energy mix that meets electrical power demand and (ii) the ascending use of electronic loads and other DC-powered devices by the end-users. In this sense, DC distribution provides a more efficient interface between the majority of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and part of the total load of a MG. The early adopters of DC MGs include mostly buildings with high RES production, ships, data centers, electric vehicle (EV) charging stations and traction systems. However, the lack of expertise and the insufficient standards’ framework inhibit their wider spread. This review paper presents the state of the art of LV and MV DC MGs in terms of advantages/disadvantages over their AC counterparts, their interface with the AC main grid, topologies, control, applications, ancillary services and standardization issues. Overall, the aim of this review is to highlight the possibilities provided by DC MG architectures as well as the necessity for a solid/inclusive regulatory framework, which is their main weakness.

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